Cross-Enterprise Security and Privacy Authorization (XSPA) Profile of WS-Trust for Healthcare Version 1.0
OASIS Standard
01 November 2010
Specification URIs:
This Version:
http://docs.oasis-open.org/xspa/ws-trust-v1.0/xspa-ws-trust-profile-os.html
http://docs.oasis-open.org/xspa/ws-trust-v1.0/xspa-ws-trust-profile-os.doc (Authoritative)
http://docs.oasis-open.org/xspa/ws-trust-v1.0/xspa-ws-trust-profile-os.pdf
Previous Version:
http://docs.oasis-open.org/xspa/ws-trust-v1.0/xspa-ws-trust-profile-cs-01.html
http://docs.oasis-open.org/xspa/ws-trust-v1.0/xspa-ws-trust-profile-cs-01.doc (Authoritative)
http://docs.oasis-open.org/xspa/ws-trust-v1.0/xspa-ws-trust-profile-cs-01.pdf
Latest Version:
http://docs.oasis-open.org/xspa/ws-trust-v1.0/xspa-ws-trust-profile.html
http://docs.oasis-open.org/xspa/ws-trust-v1.0/xspa-ws-trust-profile.doc (Authoritative)
http://docs.oasis-open.org/xspa/ws-trust-v1.0/xspa-ws-trust-profile.pdf
Technical Committee:
OASIS Cross-Enterprise Security and Privacy Authorization (XSPA) TC
Chair(s):
David Staggs, Department of Veterans Affairs (SAIC)
Anil Saldhana, Red Hat
Editor(s):
Mike Davis, Department of Veterans Affairs
Duane DeCouteau, Department of Veterans Affairs (Ascenda)
David Staggs, Department of Veterans Affairs (SAIC)
Jiandong Guo, Oracle Corporation
Related work:
Declared XML Namespace(s):
urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:2.0
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0
urn:oasis:names:tc:saml:2.0
urn:oasis:names:tc:wssx:1.3
Abstract:
This profile describes a framework in which WS-Trust is leveraged by cross-enterprise security and privacy authorization (XSPA) to satisfy requirements pertaining to information-centric security within the healthcare community.
Status:
This document was last approved by the OASIS membership as an OASIS Standard on the above date.
Technical Committee members should send comments on this specification to the Technical Committee’s email list. Others should send comments to the Technical Committee by using the “Send A Comment” button on the Technical Committee’s web page at http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/xspa/.
For information on whether any patents have been disclosed that may be essential to implementing this specification, and any offers of patent licensing terms, please refer to the Intellectual Property Rights section of the Technical Committee web page (http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/xspa/ipr.php).
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Table of Contents
2 XSPA profile of WS-Trust Implementation
2.1 Interactions between Parties
2.1.1 Access Control Service at Service User
2.1.2 Access Control Service at Service Provider
2.3 Transmission Confidentiality
2.8 Naming Syntax, Restrictions and Acceptable Values
2.10 Attribute Rules of Equality
2.11.1 XSPA Dialect (normative)
2.11.2 XSPA ClaimType (normative)
2.11.3 XSPA Claims – Static vs. Runtime
2.12 Attribute Naming Syntax, Restrictions and Acceptable Values
2.12.2 National Provider Identifier (NPI) – (optional)
Table of Figures
Figure 1: Interaction between Parties
Figure 2 Interactions as demonstrated RSA 2010 Oasis XSPA Interop
This document describes a framework that provides access control interoperability useful in the healthcare environment. Interoperability is achieved using WS-Trust secure token request/response elements to carry common semantics and vocabularies in exchanges specified below.
The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
The following definitions establish additional terminology and usage in this profile:
Access Control Service (ACS) – The Access Control Service is the enterprise security service that supports and implements user-side and service-side access control capabilities. The service would be utilized by the Service and/or Service User.
Attributes - Attributes are information related to user location, role, purpose of use, and requested resource requirements and actions necessary to make an access control decision. This terminology is used by the SAML and XACML specifications and is equivalent in concept to claims.
Claim - A claim is a statement made about a client, service or other resource (e.g. name, identity, key, group, privilege, capability, etc.). This terminology is used by the WS-Trust specification and is equivalent in concept to an attribute.
Entity - An entity may also be known as a principal and/or subject, which represents an application, a machine, or any other type of entity that may act as a requester in a transaction.
Object – An object is an entity that contains or receives information. The objects can represent information containers (e.g., files or directories in an operating system, and/or columns, rows, tables, and views within a database management system) or objects can represent exhaustible system resources, such as printers, disk space, and central processing unit (CPU) cycles. ANSI RBAC (American National Standards Institute Role Based Access Control)
Operation - An operation is an executable image of a program, which upon invocation executes some function for the user. Within a file system, operations might include read, write, and execute. Within a database management system, operations might include insert, delete, append, and update. An operation is also known as an action or privilege. ANSI RBAC
Permission - An approval to perform an operation on one or more RBAC protected objects. ANSI RBAC
Security Token Service STS - A security token service (STS) is a Web service that issues security tokens. That is, it makes assertions based on evidence that it trusts, to whoever trusts it (or to specific recipients). To communicate trust, a service requires proof, such as a signature, to prove knowledge of a security token or set of security token. A service itself can generate tokens or it can rely on a separate STS to issue a security token with its own trust statement (note that for some security token formats this can just be a re-issuance or co-signature). This forms the basis of trust brokering.
Structural Role - A job function within the context of an organization whose permissions are defined by operations on workflow objects. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) E2595-2007
Service Provider (SP) - The service provider represents the system providing a protected resource and relies on the provided security service.
Service User - The service user represents any individual entity [such as on an Electronic Health Record (EHR)/Personal Health Record (PHR) system] that needs to make a service request of a Service Provider.
Web Service - A Web Service is a software component that is described via WSDL and is capable of being accessed via standard network protocols such as but not limited to SOAP over HTTP.
[RFC2119] S. Bradner, Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt, IETF RFC 2119, March 1997.
[SAMLPROF] OASIS Standard, “Profiles for the OASIS Security Assertion Markup Language, v2.0,” March 2005. http://docs.oasis-open.org/security/saml/v2.0/saml-profiles-2.0-os.pdf
[ASTM E1986-09 (2009)] Standard Guide for Information Access Privileges to Health Information.
[ASTM E2595 (2007)] Standard Guide for Privilege Management Infrastructure
[SAML] OASIS Standard,“Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) v2.0”, March 2005. http://docs.oasis-open.org/security/saml/v2.0/saml-core-2.0-os.pdf
[HL7-PERM] HL7 Security Technical Committee, HL7 Version 3 Standard: Role-based Access Control Healthcare Permission Catalog, (Available through http://www.hl7.org/library/standards.cfm), Release 1, Designation: ANSI/HL7 V3 RBAC, R1-2008, Approval Date 2/20/2008.
[HL7-CONSENT] HL7 Consent Related Vocabulary Confidentiality Codes Recommendation, http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/30930/hl7confidentialitycodes.doc , from project submission: http://lists.oasis-open.org/archives/xacml-demo-tech/200712/msg00015.html
[WS-TRUST] OASIS Standard, “WS-Trust, Version 1.3”, March 2007. http://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-sx/ws-trust/200512/ws-trust-1.3-os.pdf.
[XSPA-SAML-INTRO]
OASIS Committee Working Draft, “XSPA Introduction to Profile of SAML for Healthcare”, December 2008. http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/30407/xspa-saml-introduction-01.doc
[XSPA-SAML-EXAMPLES]
OASIS Committee Working Draft, “XSPA Profile of SAML for Health Implementation Examples”, December 2008. http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/30408/xspa-saml-examples-01.doc
The XSPA profile of WS-Trust provides cross-enterprise authorization of entities within and between healthcare information technology (IT) systems by providing common semantics and vocabularies for interoperable coarse and fine-grained access control.
Figure 1 displays an overview of interactions between parties in the exchange of healthcare information. Elements described in the figure are explained in the subsections below.
Figure 1: Interaction between Parties
In the figure above, extracted from the [WS-TRUST] standard, the arrows represent possible communication paths; the requestor MAY obtain a token from the security token service, or it MAY have been obtained indirectly. The requestor then demonstrates authorized use of the token to the Web service. The Web service either trusts the issuing security token service or MAY request a token service to validate the token (or the Web service MAY validate the token itself).
The following figure (2) provides additional detail during a healthcare information exchange between two organizations. This figure is representative of architecture demonstrated at the RSA 2010 Oasis XSPA Interopability Demonstration (Interop) in March of 2010.
Figure 2 Interactions as demonstrated RSA 2010 Oasis XSPA Interop
The XSPA profile of WS-Trust supports sending all requests through an Access Control Service (ACS). The ACS receives the Request Security Token (RST) from the Service User and responds with a Request Security Token Response (RSTR) containing SAML assertions regarding user authorizations and attributes.
To perform its function, the ACS may acquire additional attribute information related to user location, role, purpose of use, and requested resource requirement and actions. The requesting ACS is responsible for enforcement of the access control decision.
It should be noted that the ACS may make an access control decision to deny access to remote resources based on local internal policies.
The Service Provider ACS is responsible for the parsing of assertions, evaluating the assertions against the security and privacy policy, and making and enforcing a decision on behalf of the Service Provider.
The security policy includes the rules regarding authorizations required to access a protected resource and additional security conditions (location, time of day, cardinality, separation of duty, purpose, etc.) that constrain enforcement.
The privacy policy includes the set of consent directives and other privacy conditions (object masking, object filtering, user, role, purpose, etc.) that constrain enforcement.
The XSPA profile of WS-Trust recommends the use of reliable transmission protocols. Where transmission integrity is required, this profile makes no specific recommendations regarding mechanism or assurance level.
The XSPA profile of WS-Trust recommends the use of secure transmission protocols. Where transmission confidentiality is required, this profile makes no specific recommendations regarding mechanisms.
This profile adheres to error states described in WS-Trust v1.3.
The following security considerations are established for the XSPA profile of WS-Trust:
· Participating information domains have agreed to use XSPA profile and that a trust relationship exists,
· Entities are members of defined information domains under the authorization control of a defined set of policies,
· Entities have been identified and provisioned (credentials issued, privileges granted, etc.) in accordance with policy,
· Privacy policies have been identified and provisioned (consents, user preferences, etc.) in accordance with policy,
· Pre-existing security and privacy policies have been provisioned to Access Control Services,
· The capabilities and location of requested information/document repository services are known,
· Secure channels are established as required by policy,
· Audit services are operational and initialized, and
· Entities have asserted membership in an information domain by successful and unique authentication.
The manner used by the relying party to confirm that the requester message came from a system entity that is associated with the subject of the assertion will depend upon the context and sensitivity of the data. For confirmations requiring a specific level of assurance, this profile specifies the use of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication 800-63 Electronic Authentication Guideline. In addition, this profile specifies the Liberty Identity Access Framework (LIAF) criteria for evaluating and approving credential service providers.
This profile will utilize the WS-Trust <AttributeStatement> to inject a SAML assertion into request.
This profile conforms to WS-Trust v1.3 specification.
This profile will support the namespace requirements described in WS-Trust v1.3.
All asserted attributes child to <AttributeStatement> element will be typed as strings. Two <Attributes> elements refer to the same SAML attribute if and only if their Name XML attribute values are equal in a binary comparison.
The optional wst:Claims parameter defined in [WS-Trust] can be used by the service provider to specify its claims requirements, as well as by the client to pass claims at run time.
This profile defines a dialect for using wst:Claims with XSPA. The dialect is identified by the following URI:
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:claims
The XSPA dialect also defines the xspa:ClaimType element. The xspa:ClaimType is a child element of wst:Claims. One or many xspa:ClaimType(s) may be included in a wst:Claims.
Example of use:
<xspa:ClaimType uri="xs:anyURI" optional="xs:boolean">
<xspa:ClaimValue>xs:string</xspa:ClaimValue>
</xspa:ClaimType>
Table 1: XSPA ClaimType (Normative)
Tag |
Description |
/xspa:ClaimType |
Represents claim |
/xspa:ClaimType/@Uri |
The unique identifier specifying the claim type. |
/xspa:ClaimType/@Optional |
Defaults to true. |
/xspa:ClaimValue |
The specific value specified in the claim, optional. |
Example of use:
<wst:Claims Dialect="urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:claims">
<xspa:ClaimType Uri="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:subject:subject-id"/>
<xspa:ClaimType Uri="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:2.0:subject:role"/>
<xspa:ClaimType Uri="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:2.0:resource:resource-id"/>
<xspa:ClaimType Uri="urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:subject:purposeofuse"/>
<xspa:ClaimType Uri="urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:subject:npi" optional="true"/>
</wst:Claims>
Example of use:
<wst:Claims Dialect="urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:claims">
<xspa:ClaimType Uri="urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:subject:purposeofuse">
<xspa:ClaimValue>Emergency Treatment</xspa:ClaimValue>
</xspa:ClaimType>
</wst:Claims>
Many of the attributes described in this profile may be delivered to an STS from an Identity Management Provider. These attributes describe the requesting individual, his or her unique identifier and permissions. And organization information, all of which are static in nature.
Other attributes must be determined at runtime, are usually based on work flow, state, or application knowledge. It is RECOMMENDED at minimum implementers should support dynamic assertion of following XSPA claims.
Table 2: XSPA Claims Determined at Runtime
ClaimType |
Description |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:subject:purposeofuse |
The standards based healthcare reason why user is requesting resource. |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:resource:resource-id |
The resource being requested. |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:resource:hl7:type |
The type of resource being requested. |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:subject:functional-role |
The role internal to the requesting organization that may be based on current workflow. |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:action:action-id |
Create, read, update, delete, execute, etc. |
This profile leverages the attribute naming syntax, restrictions and acceptable values defined in [XSPA-SAML] and [XSPA-XACML], both utilize the namespace of urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0.
The following table lists attribute naming syntax, restrictions, and acceptable values that are discussed in greater detail in the subsections below.
Notes on Table 3:
Table 3: XSPA Standard Attributes (Normative)
Identifier |
Type |
Valid Values |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:subject:subject-id |
String |
Name of the user as required by Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Disclosure Accounting. The name will be typed as a string and in plain text. |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xpsa:1.0:subject:organization |
String |
Organization the requestor belongs to as required by Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Disclosure Accounting. |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:subject:organization-id |
anyURI |
Unique identifier of the consuming organization and/or facility |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:subject:hl7:permission |
String |
Refer to [HL7-PERM] and its OID representation. |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:2.0:subject:role |
String |
Structural Role refer to [ASTM E1986-09 (2009)] and its OID representation. |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:subject:purposeofuse |
String |
TREATMENT, PAYMENT, OPERATIONS, EMERGENCY, SYSADMIN, MARKETING, RESEARCH, REQUEST, PUBLICHEALTH |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:resource:resource-id |
String |
Unique identifier of the resource defined by and controlled by the servicing organization. In healthcare this is the patient unique identifier. |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:resource:hl7:type |
String |
For minimum interoperability set of objects and supporting actions refer to [HL7-PERM] and their OID representations. |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:environment:locality |
String |
Unique identifier of the servicing organization. |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:2.0:subject:npi |
String |
National Provider ID provided by U.S. Government for all active providers. |
Name is the name of the user as required by Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Disclosure Accounting.
NPI is a US Government issued unique provider identifier required for all Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Disclosure Accounting transactions.
Organization is the organization that the user belongs to as required by HIPAA Privacy Disclosure Accounting.
Organization-ID is the unique identifier of the consuming organization and/or facility.
Structural Role is the value of the principal’s structural role. Structural roles that are used in this profile are defined in Table 2 “Healthcare Personnel that Warrant Differing Levels of Access Control” of ASTM 1986-09 (2009) Standard Guide for Information Access Privileges to Health Information.
ASTM E1986 Structural roles are described in greater depth in ASTM E2595-07, Standard Guide for Privilege Management Infrastructure.
Structural roles provide authorizations on objects at a global level without regard to internal details. Examples include authorization to participate in a session, authorization to connect to a database, authorization to participate in an order workflow, or connection to a protected uniform resource locator (URL). The structural role is the role name referenced by the patient’s consent directive.
Functional role can include custom attributes related to application functionality agreed upon by the parties in an exchange.
Permission is not required by this profile. Permission is determined by the action on the target. See “Action” below. The permission is the ANSI INCITS (International Committee for Information Technology Standards) RBAC compliant action-object pair representing the authorization required for access by the protected resource.
The HL7 (Health Level Seven) RBAC Permission catalog is an ANSI INCITS 359-2004 RBAC compliant vocabulary that provides a minimal permission subset for interoperability. This profile specifies the use of the following HL7 RBAC Permission Catalog Actions:
· Append
· Create
· Delete
· Read
· Update
· Execute
Execute refers to complex functions and stored procedures that provide for extended actions within the healthcare environment. Examples include "print", "suspend", and "sign". Execute can include custom attributes related to functionality agreed upon by the parties in an exchange.
Objects are any system resource subject to access control. This profile specifies the use of HL7 RBAC Permission Catalog as the object vocabulary in an action-object permission pair. HL7 RBAC Permission Catalog provides the minimum set of interoperable objects suitable for the support of security and privacy access control decisions in this profile.
Purpose of use provides context to requests for information resources. Each purpose of use will be unique to a specific assertion, and will establish the context for other security and privacy attributes. For a given claim, all assertions must be bound to the same purpose of use. Purpose of use allows the service to consult its policies to determine if the user’s authorizations meet or exceed those needed for access control.
The following list of healthcare related purposes of use is specified by this profile:
Table 4: Values for Purpose of Use
Description |
Allowed Value |
Healthcare Treatment |
TREATMENT |
Payment |
PAYMENT |
Operations |
OPERATIONS |
Emergency Treatment |
EMERGENCY |
System Administration |
SYSADMIN |
Research |
RESEARCH |
Marketing |
MARKETING |
Request of the Individual |
REQUEST |
Public Health |
PUBLICHEALTH |
The figure below illustrates the general relationship between subject (user) and granted permissions to specific objects as a relationship to their POU. Roles in this relationship are placeholders for permissions. Permission defines the object-action relationship.
Figure 3: Determining Subject Permissions
The object(s) for which access is requested must be identical to the object(s) for which the authorization assertions of this profile apply. A requested resource is not required to be a simple object but may instead be a process or workflow. This profile specifies the use of HL7 RBAC Permission Catalog as the resource vocabulary.
The following examples of WS-Trust request and response messages are intended to provide additional guidance to implementers of this profile.
The following figure represents an example flow of messages and attributes and is non-normative.
Figure 4: Cross-Enterprise Example Interaction
The XSPA profile of WS-Trust addresses the following aspects of conformance:
The table below identifies portions of the profile that MUST be adhered to in order to claim conformance.
Note: “M” is mandatory and MUST be used, “O” is optional, “P” is preferred, and “n/a” is not applicable.
The implementation MUST use the attributes associated with the identifiers in the table below consistent with descriptions in this profile.
Table 5: Attribute Naming, Typing, and Acceptable Value Set
Identifier |
Required Attribute |
Runtime Claim Assertion |
Claim Asserted Externally |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:subject:subject-id |
M |
O |
P |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:subject:organization-id |
M |
O |
P |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:organization |
M |
O |
P |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:subject:hl7:permission |
O |
O |
P |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:2.0:subject:role (ASTM E1986-09 (2009) Structured Role Value) |
M |
O |
P |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:subject:functional-role |
O |
P |
n/a |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:subject:purposeofuse |
M |
P |
n/a |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:resource:resource-id |
M |
P |
n/a |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:action:action-id (HL7 Permission Catalog Resource Action Value) |
O |
P |
n/a |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:resource:hl7:type (HL7 Permission Catalog Object Value) |
O |
P |
n/a |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:1.0:environment:locality |
M |
O |
n/a |
urn:oasis:names:tc:xspa:2.0:subject:npi |
O |
O |
P |
The following individuals have participated in the creation of this specification and are gratefully acknowledged:
Participants in the RSAConference 2010 Interoperability Demonstration of the XSPA profile:
Daniel Dority, Jericho Systems Corporation
Imran Chaudhari, Jericho Systems Corporation
Capt. Emory Fry MD, Naval Health Research Center
Jiandong Guo, Oracle Corporation
Harold Carr, Oracle Corporation
Craig Forster, IBM
Sridhar Muppidi, IBM
Mike Davis, Veterans Health Administration
Duane DeCouteau, Veterans Health Administration
David Staggs, Veterans Health Administration
Cross-Enterprise Security and Privacy Authorization (XSPA) TC members during the development of this specification:
Srinath Godavarthi, Avaya, Inc.
Anil, Tappetia, Cisco Systems, Inc.
John Moehrke, GE Healthcare
Dr. Steven Meyer, HIPAAT International Inc
Richard Franck, IBM
Sridhar Muppidi, IBM
Vernon Murdoch, IBM
Neil Readshaw, IBM
Ram Kumar
Adam Stone
Michael Dufel, Jericho Systems Corporation
Derek Anderson, Jericho Systems Corporation
Daniel Dority, Jericho Systems Corporation
David Weitzel, Mitre Corporation
Anil Saldhana, Red Hat
Dr. Jiandong Guo, Oracle Corporation
Mike Davis, Veterans Health Administration
Duane DeCouteau, Veterans Health Administration
David Staggs, Veterans Health Administration
Document ID |
Date |
Committer |
Comment |
xspa-ws-trust-profile-cd-01 |
01/27/2009 |
Duane DeCouteau Craig Winter |
Initial committee draft v1.0 - QA Review / Revision |
xspa-ws-trust-profile-cd-02 |
03/19/2010 |
Duane DeCouteau |
Changes noted during development and exhibition of profile prior to and during RSA 2010 Oasis XSPA Interop. |
xspa-ws-trust-profile-cd-03 |
03/19/2010 |
Duane DeCouteau David Staggs |
Commit changes discussed and approved during TC Mtg. 3/19/2010. |
xspa-ws-trust-profile-cd-04 |
04/2/2010 |
Duane DeCouteau David Staggs |
Voted to Committee Draft -allowing for formatting changes required for public review. |
xspa-ws-trust-profile-cd-05 |
07/21/2010 |
Duane DeCouteau |
Incorporate public review comments. |
xspa-ws-trust-profile-cd-06 |
08/04/2010 |
Duane DeCouteau |
Correct punctuation errors, insert clearer version of figure 3, and augment terminology definitions. |
xspa-ws-trust-profile-cd-06 |
08/06/2010 |
Duane DeCouteau |
Voted to committee specification at August 6, 2010 TC meeting. |