Identity in the
Cloud Gap Analysis Version 1.0
Committee Note Draft 01
29 April 2013
Specification URIs
This version:
http://docs.oasis-open.org/id-cloud/IDCloud-gap/v1.0/cnd01/IDCloud-gap-v1.0-cnd01.doc
(Authoritative)
http://docs.oasis-open.org/id-cloud/IDCloud-gap/v1.0/cnd01/IDCloud-gap-v1.0-cnd01.html
http://docs.oasis-open.org/id-cloud/IDCloud-gap/v1.0/cnd01/IDCloud-gap-v1.0-cnd01.pdf
Previous version:
N/A
Latest version:
http://docs.oasis-open.org/id-cloud/IDCloud-gap/v1.0/IDCloud-gap-v1.0.doc
(Authoritative)
http://docs.oasis-open.org/id-cloud/IDCloud-gap/v1.0/IDCloud-gap-v1.0.html
http://docs.oasis-open.org/id-cloud/IDCloud-gap/v1.0/IDCloud-gap-v1.0.pdf
Technical Committee:
OASIS Identity in the
Cloud TC
Chairs:
Anil Saldhana (anil.saldhana@redhat.com), Red Hat, Inc.
Anthony Nadalin (tonynad@microsoft.com), Microsoft
Editors:
Gershon Janssen (gershon@qroot.com), Individual
Matt Rutkowski (mrutkows@us.ibm.com), IBM
Roger Bass (roger@traxian.com),
Traxian
Dominique Nguyen (dominique.v.nguyen@bankofamerica.com),
Bank of America
Related work:
This document
is related to:
·
Identity in the Cloud Use Cases Version 1.0. Latest
version. http://docs.oasis-open.org/id-cloud/IDCloud-usecases/v1.0/IDCloud-usecases-v1.0.html.
Abstract:
This document provides an analysis of gaps or requirements
that may exist in current identity management standards. The basis for the gap
analysis is the normative use cases from Identity in the Cloud Use Cases
Version 1.0.
Status:
This document was last revised or
approved by the OASIS Identity in the Cloud TC on the above date. The level of
approval is also listed above. Check the “Latest version” location noted above
for possible later revisions of this document.
Technical Committee members should
send comments on this document to the Technical Committee’s email list. Others
should send comments to the Technical Committee by using the “Send
A Comment” button on the Technical Committee’s web page at http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/id-cloud/.
Citation format:
When referencing this document the following
citation format should be used:
[IDCloud-Gap-v1.0]
Identity in the Cloud Gap Analysis Version 1.0. 29
April 2013. OASIS Committee Note Draft 01. http://docs.oasis-open.org/id-cloud/IDCloud-gap/v1.0/cnd01/IDCloud-gap-v1.0-cnd01.html.
Copyright © OASIS Open 2013. All Rights Reserved.
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1 Introduction. 12
1.1 Statement of purpose. 12
1.2 GAP analysis. 12
1.2.1 GAP analysis process. 12
1.2.2 GAP analysis structure outline. 13
1.3 List of relevant standards. 13
1.4 References. 13
2 Relevant standards. 14
2.1 Tiers of work. 14
2.2 List of relevant standards. 14
2.2.1 Categorized standards and
versions. 14
2.2.2 Standards, versions, status and
managing Organization. 17
3 Gap Analysis per Use Case. 21
3.1 Use Case 1: Application and Virtualization
Security in the Cloud. 21
3.1.1 Short description. 21
3.1.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 21
3.1.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 21
3.1.4 Relevant applicable standards. 21
3.1.5 Analysis notes. 22
3.1.6 GAPs identified. 23
3.2 Use Case 2: Identity Provisioning. 24
3.2.1 Short description. 24
3.2.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 24
3.2.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 24
3.2.4 Relevant applicable standards. 24
3.2.5 Analysis notes. 24
3.2.6 GAPs identified. 24
3.3 Use Case 3: Identity Audit. 26
3.3.1 Short description. 26
3.3.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 26
3.3.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 26
3.3.4 Relevant applicable standards. 26
3.3.5 Analysis notes. 26
3.3.6 Possible GAPs identified. 27
3.4 Use Case 4: Identity
Configuration. 28
3.4.1 Short description. 28
3.4.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 28
3.4.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 28
3.4.4 Relevant applicable standards. 28
3.4.5 Analysis notes. 28
3.4.6 Possible GAPs identified. 29
3.5 Use Case 5: Middleware Container
in a Public Cloud. 30
3.5.1 Short description. 30
3.5.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 30
3.5.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 30
3.5.4 Relevant applicable standards. 30
3.5.5 Analysis notes. 30
3.5.6 Possible GAPs identified. 31
3.6 Use Case 6: Federated SSO and
Attribute Sharing. 32
3.6.1 Short description. 32
3.6.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 32
3.6.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 32
3.6.4 Relevant applicable standards. 32
3.6.5 Analysis notes. 33
3.6.6 Possible GAPs identified. 33
3.7 Use Case 7: Identity Silos in the
Cloud. 34
3.7.1 Short description. 34
3.7.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 34
3.7.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 34
3.7.4 Relevant applicable standards. 34
3.7.5 Analysis notes. 35
3.7.6 Possible GAPs identified. 35
3.8 Use Case 8: Identity Privacy in a
Shared Cloud Environment. 36
3.8.1 Short description. 36
3.8.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 36
3.8.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 36
3.8.4 Relevant applicable standards. 36
3.8.5 Analysis notes. 36
3.8.6 Possible GAPs identified. 37
3.9 Use Case 9: Cloud Signature
Services. 38
3.9.1 Short description. 38
3.9.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 38
3.9.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 38
3.9.4 Relevant applicable standards. 38
3.9.5 Analysis notes. 38
3.9.6 Possible GAPs identified. 39
3.10 Use Case 10: Cloud Tenant
Administration. 40
3.10.1 Short description. 40
3.10.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 40
3.10.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 40
3.10.4 Relevant applicable standards. 40
3.10.5 Analysis notes. 40
3.10.6 Possible GAPs identified. 41
3.11 Use Case 11: Enterprise to Cloud
SSO.. 42
3.11.1 Short description. 42
3.11.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 42
3.11.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 42
3.11.4 Relevant applicable standards. 42
3.11.5 Analysis notes. 43
3.11.6 Possible GAPs identified. 43
3.12 Use Case 12: Consumer Cloud
Identity Management, Single Sign-On (SSO) and Authentication 44
3.12.1 Short description. 44
3.12.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 44
3.12.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 44
3.12.4 Relevant applicable standards. 44
3.12.5 Analysis notes. 45
3.12.6 Possible GAPs identified. 45
3.13 Use Case 13: Transaction
Validation and Signing in the Cloud. 46
3.13.1 Short description. 46
3.13.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 46
3.13.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 46
3.13.4 Relevant applicable standards. 46
3.13.5 Analysis notes. 46
3.13.6 Possible GAPs identified. 47
3.14 Use Case 14: Enterprise Purchasing
from a Public Cloud. 48
3.14.1 Short description. 48
3.14.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 48
3.14.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 48
3.14.4 Relevant applicable standards. 48
3.14.5 Analysis notes. 48
3.14.6 Possible GAPs identified. 49
3.15 Use Case 15: Access to
Enterprise’s Workforce Applications Hosted in Cloud. 50
3.15.1 Short description. 50
3.15.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 50
3.15.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 50
3.15.4 Relevant applicable standards. 50
3.15.5 Analysis notes. 51
3.15.6 Possible GAPs identified. 51
3.16 Use Case 16: Offload Identity
Management to External Business Entity. 52
3.16.1 Short description. 52
3.16.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 52
3.16.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 52
3.16.4 Relevant applicable standards. 52
3.16.5 Analysis notes. 53
3.16.6 Possible GAPs identified. 53
3.17 Use Case 17: Per Tenant Identity
Provider Configuration. 54
3.17.1 Short description. 54
3.17.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 54
3.17.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 54
3.17.4 Relevant applicable standards. 54
3.17.5 Analysis notes. 54
3.17.6 Possible GAPs identified. 55
3.18 Use Case 18: Delegated Identity
Provider Configuration. 56
3.18.1 Short description. 56
3.18.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 56
3.18.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 56
3.18.4 Relevant applicable standards. 56
3.18.5 Analysis notes. 56
3.18.6 Possible GAPs identified. 56
3.19 Use Case 19: Auditing Access to
Company Confidential Videos in Public Cloud. 57
3.19.1 Short description. 57
3.19.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 57
3.19.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 57
3.19.4 Relevant applicable standards. 57
3.19.5 Analysis notes. 58
3.19.6 Possible GAPs identified. 58
3.20 Use Case 20: Government
Provisioning of Cloud Services. 60
3.20.1 Short description. 60
3.20.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 60
3.20.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 60
3.20.4 Relevant applicable standards. 60
3.20.5 Analysis notes. 60
3.20.6 Possible GAPs identified. 61
3.21 Use Case 21: Mobile Customers’
Identity Authentication Using a Cloud provider. 62
3.21.1 Short description. 62
3.21.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 62
3.21.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 62
3.21.4 Relevant applicable standards. 62
3.21.5 Analysis notes. 62
3.21.6 Possible GAPs identified. 63
3.22 Use Case 22: Cloud-based
Two-Factor Authentication Service. 64
3.22.1 Short description. 64
3.22.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 64
3.22.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 64
3.22.4 Relevant applicable standards. 64
3.22.5 Analysis notes. 64
3.22.6 Possible GAPs identified. 64
3.23 Use Case 23: Cloud Application
Identification using Extended Validation Certificates. 65
3.23.1 Short description. 65
3.23.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 65
3.23.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 65
3.23.4 Relevant applicable standards. 65
3.23.5 Analysis notes. 65
3.23.6 Possible GAPs identified. 66
3.24 Use Case 24: Cloud Platform
Audit and Asset Management using Hardware-based Identities 67
3.24.1 Short description. 67
3.24.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 67
3.24.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 67
3.24.4 Relevant applicable standards. 67
3.24.5 Analysis notes. 67
3.24.6 Possible GAPs identified. 68
3.25 Use Case 25: Inter-cloud
Document Exchange and Collaboration. 69
3.25.1 Short description. 69
3.25.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 69
3.25.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 69
3.25.4 Relevant applicable standards. 69
3.25.5 Analysis notes. 70
3.25.6 Possible GAPs identified. 70
3.26 Use Case 26: Identity
Impersonation / Delegation. 71
3.26.1 Short description. 71
3.26.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 71
3.26.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 71
3.26.4 Relevant applicable standards. 71
3.26.5 Analysis notes. 71
3.26.6 Possible GAPs identified. 72
3.27 Use Case 27: Federated User
Account Provisioning and Management for a Community of Interest (CoI) 73
3.27.1 Short description. 73
3.27.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 73
3.27.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 73
3.27.4 Relevant applicable standards. 73
3.27.5 Analysis notes. 73
3.27.6 Possible GAPs identified. 74
3.28 Use Case 28: Cloud Governance
and Entitlement Management. 75
3.28.1 Short description. 75
3.28.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 75
3.28.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 75
3.28.4 Relevant applicable standards. 75
3.28.5 Analysis notes. 75
3.28.6 Possible GAPs identified. 76
3.29 Use Case 29: User Delegation of
Access to Personal Data in a Public Cloud. 77
3.29.1 Short description. 77
3.29.2 Covered Identity Management
Categories. 77
3.29.3 Featured Cloud Deployment or
Service Models. 77
3.29.4 Relevant applicable standards. 77
3.29.5 Analysis notes. 77
3.29.6 Possible GAPs identified. 78
Appendix A. Acknowledgments. 79
Appendix B. Revision History. 81
Cloud Computing is turning into an important IT service
delivery paradigm. Many enterprises are experimenting with cloud computing,
using clouds in their own data centers or hosted by third parties, and
increasingly they deploy business applications on such private and public
clouds. Cloud Computing raises many challenges that have serious security
implications. Identity Management in the cloud is such a challenge.
Many enterprises avail themselves of a combination of
private and public Cloud Computing infrastructures to handle their workloads.
In a phenomenon known as "Cloud Bursting", the peak loads are
offloaded to public Cloud Computing infrastructures that offer billing based on
usage. This is a use case of a Hybrid Cloud infrastructure. Additionally,
governments around the world are evaluating the use of Cloud Computing for
government applications. For instance, the US Government has started apps.gov
to foster the adoption of Cloud Computing. Other governments have started or
announced similar efforts.
The purpose of the OASIS Identity in the Cloud TC is to:
- collect and harmonize definitions, terminologies, and
vocabulary of Cloud Computing
- collect use cases to help:
- identify gaps in existing Identity Management standards and
investigate the need for profiles for achieving interoperability within current
standards and
- develop profiles of open standards for identity
deployment, provisioning and management.
The GAP analysis comprised of a detailed analysis of each
Use Case from the Identity in the Cloud Use Cases document [IDCloud-Usecases].
Through this analysis the TC validated if all needs are addressed with current
available standards, in such a fashion that the stated goal and outcomes are
achieved.
In order to analyze each Use Case to determine how it might
be implemented, what is required or find what current standards fall short or
we perceive as missing, the TC followed the following step-by-step GAP analysis
process:
- Based on stated goal and outcomes, consider the describe
process flow, its actors, systems, and services.
- Identify relevant standards
- Drill down into the Use Case and identify big and / or
rather obvious gaps in existing Identity Management and standards
- Identify commonalities and reusable elements
The outcomes of each of those steps are documented in this
GAP analysis document.
All outcomes of the gap analysis are documented using the
following sections:
- Short description
- Covered Identity Management Categories
- Featured Cloud Deployment or Service Models
- Relevant applicable standards
- Analysis notes
- GAPs identified
As a result of the GAP analysis, a list of relevant
applicable standards has been composed from all individual Use Cases. Chapter 2
outlines the full categorized list of current standards, versions, statuses and
their maintaining organizations.
The following references are used to provide definitions of
and information on terms used throughout this document:
[IDCloud-Usecases]
Identity in the Cloud Use Cases Version 1.0. 08 May
2012. OASIS Committee Note 01. http://docs.oasis-open.org/id-cloud/IDCloud-usecases/v1.0/cn01/IDCloud-usecases-v1.0-cn01.html
Standards included in this GAP analysis are standards,
specifications, recommendations, notes and ‘work in progress’ from both SDO’s
as well as non-SDO’s.
Applicability of the various standards work is considered in
the following order:
- OASIS SDO standards
- Other SDOs standards
- Specifications, recommendations and notes from SDOs and
non-SDOs
- ‘Work in progress’
The tables below list the relevant standards.
Table 1 - Column details:
- Tier: see paragraph 2.1
- Category: Standard category, e.g. Privacy,
Authentication, Provisioning, etc.
- Identifier: Name and version to uniquely identify a
standard. Identifiers are hyperlinked to the specification source
- Full name: Full name of the standard
Table 2 - Column details:
- Identifier: Name and version to uniquely identify a
standard. Identifiers are hyperlinked to the specification source
- Version: Version of the standard, specification or
recommendation
- Organization: Organization who maintains and
publishes the standard. Organization names are hyperlinked to their
respective Internet web pages.
- Status: State of the standard, e.g. Standard, Draft
Specification, Note.
|
Identifier
|
Version
|
Organization
|
|
Status
|
|
DSS-1.0
|
1.0
|
OASIS
|
Organization for the
Advancement of Structured Information Standards
|
Standard
|
|
SAML-2.0
|
2.0
|
OASIS
|
Organization for the
Advancement of Structured Information Standards
|
Standard
|
|
XACML-3.0
|
3.0
|
OASIS
|
Organization for the
Advancement of Structured Information Standards
|
Standard
|
|
WS-Federation-1.2
|
1.2
|
OASIS
|
Organization for the
Advancement of Structured Information Standards
|
Standard
|
|
IMI-1.0
|
1.0
|
OASIS
|
Organization for the
Advancement of Structured Information Standards
|
|
ebXML CPPA-2.0
|
2.0
|
OASIS
|
Organization for the
Advancement of Structured Information Standards
|
Standard
|
|
WS-ReliableMessaging-1.2
|
1.2
|
OASIS
|
Organization for the
Advancement of Structured Information Standards
|
Standard
|
|
WS-SecureConversation-1.4
|
1.4
|
OASIS
|
Organization for the
Advancement of Structured Information Standards
|
Standard
|
|
KMIP-1.1
|
1.1
|
OASIS
|
Organization for the
Advancement of Structured Information Standards
|
Standard
|
|
WS-Transaction-1.2
|
1.2
|
OASIS
|
Organization for the
Advancement of Structured Information Standards
|
Standard
|
|
WS-Trust-1.4
|
1.4
|
OASIS
|
Organization for the
Advancement of Structured Information Standards
|
Standard
|
|
SPML-2.0
|
2.0
|
OASIS
|
Organization for the Advancement
of Structured Information Standards
|
Standard
|
|
XMLdsig-2008
|
2008
|
W3C
|
The World Wide Web
Consortium
|
Recommendation
|
|
CADF-1.0.0
|
1.0.0
|
DMTF
|
Distributed Management Task
Force
|
Draft Specification
|
|
CIMI-1.0.0
|
1.0.0
|
DMTF
|
Distributed Management Task
Force
|
Specification
|
|
CMDBf-1.0.1
|
1.0.1
|
DMTF
|
Distributed Management Task
Force
|
Specification
|
|
OVF-2.0
|
2.0
|
DMTF
|
Distributed Management Task
Force
|
Standard
|
|
Kerberos-5
|
5
|
IETF
|
Internet Engineering Task
Force
|
Standard
|
|
RADIUS
|
|
IETF
|
Internet Engineering Task
Force
|
Standard
|
|
OAuth-1.0
|
1.0
|
IETF
|
Internet Engineering Task
Force
|
Standard
|
|
OAuth-2.0
|
2.0
|
IETF
|
Internet Engineering Task
Force
|
Standard
|
|
IPsec
|
|
IETF
|
Internet Engineering Task
Force
|
Standard
|
|
X.509-3.0
|
3.0
|
IETF
|
Internet Engineering Task
Force
|
Standard
|
|
UUID
|
|
IETF
|
Internet Engineering Task
Force
|
Standard
|
|
TOTP
|
|
IETF
|
Internet Engineering Task
Force
|
Standard
|
|
HOTP
|
|
IETF
|
Internet Engineering Task
Force
|
Standard
|
|
LDAP-3
|
3
|
IETF
|
Internet Engineering Task
Force
|
Standard
|
|
LDIF-1
|
1
|
IETF
|
Internet Engineering Task
Force
|
Standard
|
|
ISO29115-2013
|
2013
|
ISO
|
International Organization
for Standardization
|
Standard
|
|
ISO27018
|
|
ISO
|
International Organization
for Standardization
|
Work in progress
|
|
ISO29100-2011
|
2011
|
ISO
|
International Organization
for Standardization
|
Standard
|
|
ISO29101
|
|
ISO
|
International Organization
for Standardization
|
Work in progress
|
|
ISO29191-2012
|
2012
|
ISO
|
International Organization
for Standardization
|
Standard
|
|
IGF-CARML-1.0
|
1.0
|
Liberty Alliance
|
Liberty Alliance
|
Specification
|
|
OpenID Attribute
Exchange-1.0
|
1.0
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Specification
|
|
OpenID Simple
Registration Extension-1.0
|
1.0
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Specification
|
|
OpenID
Authentication-2.0
|
2.0
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Specification
|
|
OpenID
Authentication-1.1
|
1.1
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Specification
|
|
OpenID Provider
Authentication Policy Extension-1.0
|
1.0
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Specification
|
|
Backplane Protocol-2.0
|
2.0
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Draft Specification
|
|
Backplane Protocol-1.2
|
1.2
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Specification
|
|
Backplane Protocol-1.1
|
1.1
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Specification
|
|
Backplane Protocol-1.0
|
1.0
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Specification
|
|
Account Chooser-1.0
|
1.0
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Specification
|
|
JavaEE-6
|
6
|
Oracle
|
Oracle Corporation
|
Specification
|
|
JTS-6
|
6
|
Oracle
|
Oracle Corporation
|
Specification
|
|
CDMI-1.0.2
|
1.0.2
|
SNIA
|
The Storage Networking
Industry Association
|
Standard
|
|
TPM-1.2
|
1.2
|
TCG
|
Trusted Computing Group
|
Standard
|
|
P3P-1.1
|
1.1
|
W3C
|
The World Wide Web
Consortium
|
Draft Specification
|
|
EV certificates-1.4
|
1.4
|
CABForum
|
CA/Browser Forum
|
Specification
|
|
SCIM-2.0
|
2.0
|
IETF
|
Internet Engineering Task
Force
|
Draft Specification
|
|
SCIM Core Schema-2.0
|
2.0
|
IETF
|
Internet Engineering Task
Force
|
Draft Specification
|
|
SCIM REST API-2.0
|
2.0
|
IETF
|
Internet Engineering Task
Force
|
Draft Specification
|
|
SCIM Targeting-2.0
|
2.0
|
IETF
|
Internet Engineering Task
Force
|
Draft Specification
|
|
PMRM-1.0
|
1.0
|
OASIS
|
Organization for the
Advancement of Structured Information Standards
|
Draft Specification
|
|
OpenID Connect-1.0
|
1.0
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Draft Specification
|
|
OpenID Connect Basic
Client Profile-1.0
|
1.0
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Draft Specification
|
|
OpenID Connect
Implicit Client Profile-1.0
|
1.0
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Draft Specification
|
|
OpenID Connect
Discovery-1.0
|
1.0
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Draft Specification
|
|
OpenID Connect Dynamic
Client Registration-1.0
|
1.0
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Draft Specification
|
|
OpenID Connect
Standard-1.0
|
1.0
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Draft Specification
|
|
OpenID Connect
Messages-1.0
|
1.0
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Draft Specification
|
|
OpenID Connect Session
Management-1.0
|
1.0
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Draft Specification
|
|
OpenID Connect OAuth
2.0 Multiple Response Type Encoding Practices-1.0
|
1.0
|
OIDF
|
OpenID Foundation
|
Draft Specification
|
|
OSLC
|
|
OSLC
|
Open Services for Lifecycle
Collaboration
|
|
OSLC Core-3.0
|
3.0
|
OSLC
|
Open Services for Lifecycle
Collaboration
|
Draft Specification
|
|
OSLC Core-2.0
|
2.0
|
OSLC
|
Open Services for Lifecycle
Collaboration
|
Specification
|
|
OSLC Configuration
Management-1.0
|
1.0
|
OSLC
|
Open Services for Lifecycle
Collaboration
|
Draft Specification
|
|
SCIM-1.1
|
1.1
|
OWF
|
Open Web Foundation
|
Specification
|
|
SCIM Core Schema-1.1
|
1.1
|
OWF
|
Open Web Foundation
|
Specification
|
|
SCIM REST API-1.1
|
1.1
|
OWF
|
Open Web Foundation
|
Specification
|
|
P3P-1.0
|
1.0
|
W3C
|
The World Wide Web
Consortium
|
Specification
|
|
CloudAudit-1.0
|
1.0
|
CSA
|
Cloud Security Alliance
|
Draft Specification
|
|
JWS-0.8
|
0.8
|
IETF
|
Internet Engineering Task
Force
|
Draft
|
|
JWT-0.6
|
0.6
|
IETF
|
Internet Engineering Task
Force
|
Draft
|
|
ISO27017-1.0.0
|
1.0.0
|
ISO
|
International Organization
for Standardization
|
Work in progress
|
|
UMA-0.7
|
0.7
|
Kantara Initiative
|
Kantara Initiative
|
Draft Specification
|
|
Trust Elevation
|
|
OASIS
|
Organization for the
Advancement of Structured Information Standards
|
Work in progress
|
|
TOSCA-1.0
|
1.0
|
OASIS
|
Organization for the
Advancement of Structured Information Standards
|
Specification
|
Feature the importance of managing identities that exist in
cloud at all levels, including the host operating system, virtual machines as
well as applications. Ownership and management of identities may vary at each
level and also be external to the cloud provider.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
P
|
S
|
|
|
|
|
S
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
X
|
|
·
The diagram is a pictorial representation of the use case
·
The Cloud Provider’s Identity Mgmt. System is able to handle
identity management for multiple tenants on various infrastructure levels.
·
Multiple administrator roles exist: for servers, host OS, virtual
machines, guest OS and applications.
·
Each administrative role has its own scope: what it can do, or
should not be able to do. E.g. a Virtual Machine administrator can provision
and decommission / destroy Virtual Machines, but cannot access the actual
runtime.
·
A user becomes an administrative user (in any role) by group
membership(s) or special attribute(s) being set. Typically attributes map to
LDAP / X.500 group memberships.
·
Authentication for administrative users requires being strong and
/ or multi-factor.
·
The identity store plays an important role in this use case.
Administrative users may be required to exist in different stores, e.g. at the
server level in password files or in network based directory services such as
yellow pages.
·
In an ideal world one could create this by using one single
directory service.
- How to handle ownership of identities in multi-tenant setups?
·
There is a requirement for the uniqueness of identities and
devices. Virtual machines, appliances, switches, etc. should be uniquely
identified.
- No standards for attribute management. There are no
particular standards for attribute management.
- Attributes and LDAP / X.500 group memberships are not
universal; there is a need for wider standardization on attributes and
groups, e.g. for administrative users.
- Such standardization should also allow for specific
groups for Subscribers and Providers, so they are not intermingled.
- No unique identifier for virtual machines. There is
a requirement for the uniqueness of identities and devices. Virtual
machines, appliances, switches, etc. should be uniquely identified.
- Most standards that include IDs often don’t make
recommendations for uniqueness in virtual machines, appliances, software,
etc.
- This would allow meeting audit requirements.
- No unambiguous definition of Virtual Machine. The
definition of a Virtual Machine is not unambiguous.
Feature the need support and manage customer policies for
identity decommissioning including transitioning of affected resources to new
identities.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Provisions and policies for life cycle management.
- No standard policies for life cycle management.
- No standards based provisioning and disposal of virtual
entities.
- CRUD of Virtual Entities.
- Commissioning / decommissioning of cloud resources,
including their attributes.
- No transitioning of owned resources when an identity is
decommissioned. Transitioning of resources (including their
attributes) to a different identity when a particular identity is
decommissioned.
- Preserving identities’ roles and attributes may be done
through mapping.
Feature the importance of auditing/logging of sensitive
operations performed by users and administrators in the cloud.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
- When speaking about auditing, we need to be clear on what
type of auditing, e.g. technical, business, policy, etc.
- Policy auditing: notion of trying to show there is a
relation between policies.
- Need to have better auditing (introspection) standards
that can be automated to show security compliance (with identities) in
virtual cloud environments that include the three IaaS aspects of cloud
(i.e. compute in terms of hypervisor/virtual machine auditing,
storage/managed storage like DB access, and network to verify network
routes are secured) and that the multi-tenant aspects of these resources
are considered
- An area for auditing is to provide proof of isolation in
multi-tenant environments
- NIST Mitre (CEE) standards were an attempt for traditional
platforms, but they do not translate well to cloud
- Audit trails of various different systems (logs, etc.)
- Things that need to be tracked are specified in compliance
rules
- Highlighted by cloud use: what needs to be logged to do
effective auditing?
- Try to maintain key aspects of a transaction (e.g.
identity, identity of resources involved, who grants authority to execute
a transaction ); not specifically the format, but the identifiers
- new types of policies required for auditing due to
different ownership requirements ŕ
may imply new data elements required for audit
The following possible GAPs have been identified:
- No real standards on auditing for the cloud space;
applicable to all auditing elements in use cases so far.
- Uniqueness of identities (as made in use case 1)
- Also: who is providing identities
- Who authorized
- Consumer and provider identities
- No audit standard for IDM systems
- No common audit trail standard to support the audit capabilities
Feature the need for portable standards to configure
identities in cloud applications and infrastructure (virtual machines, servers
etc).
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- LDIFF can be used as a means for migration of identities
from LDAP directories
- There is a SAML construct for sending identity information
(SAML assertions about an identity from a trusted third party will result
in creation the identity). Namespaces are present in SAML attributes.
- OVF can help migrate a virtual machine between two cloud
providers, though metadata for migrating identities and attributes are not
standardized.
- These are standards that contain types of data that are
described in use case 1, and might need to look at the gaps in this use
case
The following possible GAPs have been identified:
- Two levels to describe: at a resource level and at a
service level. E.g. account level identity and a specific identity /
assertion for resource or application
- See use case 1
- Federation of data described in use case 1 (or others)
between cloud boundaries.
Show how cloud identities need to be administered and
accounted for in order to manage middleware containers and their applications.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- About other pieces of middleware that may introduce new types
of system identities, for tracking across cloud infrastructures
- For application deployment, what types of middleware
containers and services may be permitted to host the application or data.
- Manage against policies
- Correct mapping of roles and relation to identities
- Virtualized instances id propagation needs to be
considered in scaling applications, e.g. database instance id
Feature the need for Federated Single Sign-On (F-SSO) across
multiple cloud environments.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Inter-cloud back-to-back operations are required to
support and / or allow the exchange of attributes in order to establish
the desired trust
- WS-Trust seems applicable for setting up token claims,
even with various intermediaries / brokers
- The exchange of tokens if possible but identity mapping is
not possible. Once one gets a token, the attributes are not available.
- Native attribute sharing / exchange not possible, as the
ontology is not the same (definitions are not the same / harmonized)
- Token might be related to an identity, or be an attribute
by itself
- Different parties who might own the attributes (ownership
of attributes); different attributes coming from various sources; might
want to add attributes to it; level of trust between authorities who
provide attributes (level of trust behind provider of attribute)
- Use and availability of attributes;
The following possible GAPs have been identified:
- Relates to use case 4, with respect to attributes
- Standardized mechanisms for token exchange and desired
subsequent attribute sharing are absent
- Attributes of attributes, e.g. trust put in a given
attribute. E.g. Authority that is the source /provider of the attribute
which is the guarantor of it. Information about the provenance of the
attributes, e.g. trust levels, source, information about the authority,
etc.
Exhibit how identity attributes can be aggregated based on multiple
silos within a cloud, a group of clouds or from outside the cloud.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Basically any standard that span multiple directory
services and can get a consolidated view are applicable.
- The Cloud Identity Management System should have the
ability to pull information from multiple directory services, irrespective
of where it is located
- Known federation techniques WS-Trust, WS-Federation, SAML,
OpenID Connect for targeting different scenarios (OpenID Connect maybe not
for enterprise solutions, but for 'lower risk' or 'lower levels of
assurance' scenarios).
- Refer to SAML attributes statements and WS-Trust claims
- Map or transform attributes between different (cloud)
domains. There could be an agreement + rules for mapping. Also show /
retain / provide an audit trail that mapping has been performed.
- If identity information has been modified or transformed,
it’s something that needs to be audited.
- Within an industry (backing, finance, health care) define
profiles for attributes; between industry or overall is difficult or
impossible (it applying to all processes);
- Should be possible to define standard roles and related
attributes from a provider perspective, though the cloud architectures
still under design and changing
- Naming of attributes of important: e.g. calling someone a
‘manager’ might be meaningful, relevant, and important.
Show the need for controls to exist to maintain privacy of
identities while operating in a cloud if desired.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Standards are with respect to preferences on privacy
controls such as attributes of the identity. Preferences such as ‘what I
like’ and attributes such as ‘age and height’ are not applicable.
- There are a number of ISO standards (being developed) that
are intended to address privacy controls.
- These include technology aspects for expressing policy,
but also the procedural aspects and data protection in a cloud context,
with respect to sensitive information in the cloud
- Access control to a particular attribute or purpose of use
for an attribute; no namespace for this now.
- Declare policies for use of individual attribues.
- In health-care (xspa tc), due to purpose of use
(emergency) the access policy can be overridden.
There is a business need in many applications to create
digital signatures on documents and transactions. When applications, and users,
move into the cloud so should also the signing services. Both users and
applications have a need to sign documents.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Focus of the use case is signatures.
- Use case about a service in the cloud the provide
signatures / sign documents.
- Basic functionalities of signing and verifying are
specified, as are specialized profiles.
- JWS may be relevant to cloud if the API uses JSON based
transport.
- Office365/google docs: no access to local resources to do
signing.
- To sign: method + input (as keys)
- See background DSS TC; see how it works, put in a cloud
context and generalize for other documents
- Declare operations / security services available to cloud
providers which can support the signing, exchange of required keys, etc.
- Perhaps a specialized profile is needed.
Feature the ability for enterprises to securely manage their
use of the cloud provider’s services (whether IaaS, PaaS or SaaS), and further
meet their compliance requirements.
Administrator users are authenticated at the appropriate
assurance level (preferably using multi-factor credentials).
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Level of Assurance is relevant within the context of the
use case.
- Relevant here is mapping of identities to cloud resources.
Relationship can be handles/owns.
- Relevant here is storage of information that may have compliance
requirements.
- Priviledged user actions – tenant operations should be
considered as such; put audit control on them
- Many types of admins at different levels (represent unique
roles in the systems) and should be treated privileged users and considered
separate and independent of each other. Importance of doing this is for
auditing purposes.
- In an environment exposing admin functions / create a new
level of privileged actions, integrate with cloud provider audit
functions.
- Domain level privileges for services and roles for them
are separate; admin privileges cannot assumed to be translated between
domains.
- This use case is applicable to any number of domains where
admin actions exists.
- Reason why we cannot have a generalized set of roles
- Possible GAPs depend on the cloud provider architecture
being used. In this example 3 levels of admins, but could design as e.g.
10 levels of admins.
- Wherever std being developed for cloud architectures, the
analysis in this use case should be considered in them
A user is able to access resource within their enterprise
environment or within a cloud deployment using a single identity.
With enterprises expanding their application deployments
using private and public clouds, the identity management and authentication of
users to the services need to be decoupled from the cloud service in a similar
fashion to the decoupling of identity from application in the enterprise. Users
expect and need to have their enterprise identity extend to the cloud and used
to obtain different services from different providers rather than multitude of
userid and passwords.
By accessing services via a federated enterprise identity,
not only the user experience of SSO is to gain, but also Enterprise compliance
and for control of user access, ensuring only valid identities may access cloud
services.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Provisioning standards are relevant as they are needed for
creation of identities and synchronization of identities between
enterprises and pubic cloud providers.
- ISO SC38/WG1 and ISO SC38/WG3 activities might be relevant
for this use case.
- Application should be able to, when receiving a SSO token,
reverify if the token can be sufficiently trusted and / or learn more
about the token before using it
- Require to known attributes about the token, to determine
in a standards way if the token is usable for our service. If attributes
indicate it is not appropriate for our use, we should be able to go to a
service to step-up to a valid token with more attributes / more
information about the attributes /correct insurance trust levels about the
attributes.
- Elements like: how long ago have these attributes been
created; where did they come from?
- Indication of time, step-up to add more attributes.
A user (or cloud consumer) is able to access multiple SaaS
applications using a single identity.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Attribute management is relevant for this use case.
- Trust frameworks are relevant for this use case.
- Service and preferred IdP? List of IdPs? How to interact
with the IdP (e.g. protocol), etc.
- Completely remove all identity from the cloud provider.
- Configuration and association with IdP is not
standardized. No standard way to set this up.
- External IdPs need to consider all other GAPs that have
been identified other use cases
Users are able to perform transaction and document signing
in the cloud using a trusted signing service that manages their signing keys.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Infra. Identity Mgmt.; WS-Transaction-1.2
- Authentication; SAML-2.0
- Infra. Identity Mgmt.; X.509-3.0
- Infra. Identity Mgmt.; JTS-6
- Smart card standards seem relevant to this use case,
though it a large domain, e.g. FIPS 140-2, ANSI X9 series financial
standards
- Biometric standards seem relevant to this use case. Groups
with activities within this space are INCITS M1, ISO/IEC JTC1 SC37,
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC27.
- PKI standards
- Authentication used to validate the signer (e.g. SAML
auth_context_class)
- Value in communicating the determine if enough
Reduce the number of passwords that are stored and used in
the cloud and eliminate the need for cloud ”directory synchronization” while
advocating a “claims based” architecture.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Level of Assurance is relevant within the context of the
use case.
- Trust frameworks are relevant for this use case.
- PKI standards are relevant for this use case
Exhibit the need for seamless authentication and access
privileges conveyance from an enterprise that is wishes to host their workforce
applications on a public cloud.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- VPN standards are relevant for this use case.
Show the need for federated identity management which
enables an enterprise to make available cloud-hosted applications to either the
employees of its customers & business partners or its own institutional
consumers and avoid directly managing identities (accounts) for those users.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Authorization aspects are relevant for this use case.
- Project CAS
- Reference to: Step-up use case 11 and use case 12.
- Granularity issue: same app, depending on IdP and
credentials, might make you can do different things in the application, so
in fact result into different privileges in the app.
Show the need for cloud tenants to securely manage cloud
services using automated tools rather than navigating and manually configuring
each service individually.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Key is this use case is how to define a policy for all
customers and apply this to all cloud providers (assuming there are
different ones), so in effect provision to multiple cloud providers, set
permissions and propagate those.
- Possible solutions are along the lines of adaptors per
cloud provider or broker functions.
- Important aspects in this use case are resource management
and authorization
Show the need for cloud tenant administrators need to
delegate access to their identity services configuration within a multi-tenant
cloud service to their chosen identity provider service.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Authentication, authorization and access management are
key aspects.
- ISO WG on Access Management might provide us with relevant
input.
Features the need to audit various role-based accesses of a
confidential data objects stored in a public cloud against the owning company’s
security policy
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Relevant aspects are audit and compliance, access control,
cloud storage and privacy
- Geography seems very relevant within the context of this
use case – who can / has access to videos.[compliance aspect]
- Difficult to draw a clean line between identity and
access.
- If one can audit in the cloud e.g. as simple as the
accessing a piece of blog data, one has basically the foundation for
auditing other data
- Within an enterprise there are compliance regulations;
within a cloud no standards exist to audit and proof compliance
- Reporting access management type events; audit
requirements: timestamp, identity, identity of resource involved (e.g.
document, storage device), if encryption is applied (how it is protected)
- There is a need for standardized audit type events and
reports
- 3 cloud audit spaces: (i) computing (ii) storage (iii)
network
- Cloud standards such as SNIA not capable of providing
audit functions yet. DMTF CIMI is considering this; worth considering the
log format.
- The syslog type logging format seems useable as a log
format. E.g. SNIA and CMIM use this too.
- Alignment of data model and topology is required
- Auditing aspects from a hardware perspective: on which
server is e.g. a virtual image running
- Relevant areas to this subject are: audit reports and
privacy information obfuscation
- Include key life cycle management aspects in audit events
- reference to audit already mentioned in previous use case
analysis
- Standard interface to assign policies to different
resources / assets in the cloud
- There are means of policy expression, but no interface to
assign, identify, manage or track policy to assets
- policies applicable to the life cycle of an asset need to
be included in audit information
- Within a cloud context no standards exist to audit and
proof compliance
- Everything that has to do with asset management; there should
be a provision for auditing
Show how authorized government personnel could be granted
access and assigned appropriate privileges to configure and provision a cloud
service.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Main point is how to authorize government personnel when
outsources to a 3rd party.
- Relevant aspects are provisioning, authorization, access
control and identity proofing
- Relevant link: New Electronic Authentication Guidelines
for today's challenge of remote-user authentication - http://www.nist.gov/customcf/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=910006
- Activity logs: billing, metering
- Template: specification of the configuration of the
service one is requesting, e.g. bandwidth, CPU, memory, SLA aspects, etc.
- DMTF is touching on this in management standards or
protocols
- Customers want to be able to perform clear comparisons
between cloud offerings, with respect to SLA, SLM, etc.
- Audit requirements for human and service based (non-security
related) actions
Show how a financial company is able to use a cloud service
provider to authenticate its globally-based mobile clients and to connect them
to the closest (cloud) physical location for fast response.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Focus of this use case is on customer instead of the
employee of a company.
- In mobile, the use of the device in MFA is the
distinguishing characteristic
- Device id would be one of the attributes/factors involved
- Such use requires a device registration process (possibly
more than one per account)
- Process flow for the use case should probably include the
registration and other process steps
- Unclear if there is a standard for device registration
(profile)
- Various keywords from the use case (device, secure hardware,
registration, MFA). Research required based on those keywords to identify
other potentially relevant standards
- This use case may have applicability to healthcare
scenarios, so there might be some relevant healthcare standards –
(reference to xspa profiles)
- Geo-locations are relevant as customers in the mobile
space can be located in different places. How to define geo-location?
lat-long may not be sufficient. Different granularities of geo-location
might be required. This is also important with respect to audit.
- Other identities or factors involved e.g. SIM, hardware
ID, etc. These factors can be used to increase level of trust.
- Mutual authentication desirable for security standards in
cloud context.
- Mutual authentication for security standards
- No standard for mobile device registration; devices have
different combinations of IDs (e.g. SIM ids, chip ids, IMEI) – this is
manufacturer dependent. Laptops with TPM.
- Geo-location: authentication standards and device
management and trackings standards; not aware of geo-location as a
function or part of that.
Exhibits the value of a Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)
cloud-based service that can be used with an Identity Provider, deployed either
at the enterprise, at the cloud service provider, or as a separate cloud
service.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Infra. Identity Mgmt.; TOTP
- Infra. Identity Mgmt.; HOTP
- Relevant is Two-Factor Authentication, smart card and
token standards.
- authN standards consider to have profile to support
multi-factor authentication, as customers will request this for performing
previleged actions.
Shows the value of providing validatable identification of
the Cloud Provider/SaaS application to the user or consumer using Extended
Validation (EV) certificates.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Other PKI standards might apply.
- An Extended Validation Certificate (EV) is an X.509 public
key certificate issued according to a specific set of identity
verification criteria. These criteria require extensive verification of
the requesting entity's identity by the certificate authority (CA) before
a certificate is issued. Certificates issued by a CA under the EV
guidelines are not structurally different from other certificates (and
hence provide no stronger cryptography than other, cheaper certificates),
but are designated with a CA-specific policy identifier so that EV-aware
software can recognize them.
- The criteria for issuing EV certificates are defined by
the Guidelines for Extended Validation Certificates, currently (as of Nov
2010) at version 1.3. The guidelines[1] are produced by the CA/Browser
Forum, a voluntary organization whose members include leading CAs and
vendors of Internet software, as well as representatives from the legal
and audit professions
- EV certificates is basically a trust elevator compared to
regular certificates
- When hosting an app in public cloud managed by a different
entity, how are the certificates managed; are they still ev-certs?
- Can (EV) certs be used in cloud environments using one
domain for multiple clients? E.g. EV cert for customer1.office365.com, EV
cert for customer2.office365.com, etc.
- Basic point in this use case: when connecting to a cloud
based service, how does one know you are actually connected to the cloud
service? There seems to be a need for trust when connecting to cloud
services. This should be valid for any protocol and / or non-browser based
to.
Describes the value of ``proof of execution'' using
persistent hardware-based identities that are traceable and logged as part of
the audit trail for the Enterprise customer.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Relevant standards areas are in auditing and hardware
based identity.
- Audit standards that map to regulatory and compliance
frameworks and policies
- Proof of execution: evidence that software
- Persistent hardware IDs being exposed to software; profiles
or specifications that build on existing standards for hardware-based identity
(e.g. TCG TPM1.2 specs) and exposing these hardware-identities
- @editor: reference use case from redhat on IDs virtualized
resources
- Provider should track these IDs of virtualized resources,
also when moving these. Use a e.g. CMDB to store these IDs.
- Profiles or specifications that build on existing
standards for hardware-based IDs and propagated and tracked in hypervisor
and VMs and exposing these
Businesses trading with one another should be able to
seamlessly establish new electronic trading relationships via their existing
cloud application and commerce systems. In particular, the identities,
attributes and relationships required on the various systems should be able to
be set up with zero or minimal user intervention.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Distinction between Federated Identity operations and
Provisioning
- Provisioning is CRUD operations on top of directories
- Federated Identity has a notion of a trusted identity
providers
- Scenarios 1 and 3 relate to identity setup, and the
associated attributes
- Scenario 2: re authorization to submit documents -- In
identity terms, this depends on establishing/validating a match between a
pre-existing identity in the receiver system, and a newly-provisioned
identity triggered by the sender system, based on the matching of certain
attributes associated with each of those two identities.
- Business relation with cloud provider; business puts
documents at cloud provider; partner to work with these documents. Via
email invite partner to access and work with the documents. Main point is
setting up the channel between business and partner.
- When receiving an invite via email, what trust needs to be
established before one can begin to engage in business
- Is there a way to setup a trust relationship from scratch?
- Setting up a trust relationship: starting from something
small (e.g. an email) to start a trust relationship (invitation process)
- Using for this services to communicate what the mechanism
would be to establish a certain trust level (referring to collaboration
authorization service from the use case description)
Customers of the cloud provider may require a cloud provider
to supply support that permits one identity to impersonates the identity of
another customer without sacrificing security.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Identity delegation / ‘On behalf of’ notion.
- Federation standards with attributes are relevant.
- Requirement for audit: should log the ‘on behalf of’, even
over multi-layer delegations
- Delegation / ‘on behalf of’ scenarios:
- multi-layer / multi-hup / multi-level delegation
- OAuth has some notion of the on-behalf-of: e.g. I have
site with photo’s; I can tell the print service to get the photo’s through
delegation of rights to the print service. Bound to single resource to a
single use
- Should include access control to order to limit the
intended use of the on-behalf-of
- Include delegation
- Scope limitation for delegation: Resource access
limitation by time, operation, etc.
Show the need for provisioning, administration and
governance of user identities and their attributes for organizations that have
a distributed structure which includes many central, branch offices and
business partners where each may utilize cloud deployment models.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- This use case is about the management of the data, not the
actual use of the data
- Mapping, provisioning, synchronising attributes
- reference to attribute mapping / ldif (use case 4)
- Physical ID relation to digital ID
- What standards for biometric (e.g. iris, fingerprint,
voice, face, presence) attributes exist (ISO SG27)? This could be good to
specify / type attributes instead of creating blob-type attributes.
- Reinforcing credentials (e.g. keyboard typing ‘print’).
- Use the same attribute names and categorization would be
very beneficial. Most likely to see this within industries. Transform
between attributes will happen (like schema transforms).
Provide a means for external identity governance by cloud
consumers so that they can inspect and manage assignable entitlements for cloud
provider SaaS or PaaS applications, as well as for cloud hosted consumer
accounts. That there is a need to do this in a standard way so that
entitlements can be modeled and understood for audit and provisioning purposes.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Spml and scim about exchange of info
- Xacml about expression of policy
- No expression of the result
- Standardize this? Or is this implementation?
Users are able to dynamically delegate (grant and revoke)
and constrain access to files or data stored with a cloud service provider to
users whose identities are managed by external identity providers.
|
Infra. Identity Est.
|
Identity Mgmt.
|
Authentication
|
Authorization
|
Account / Attribute Mgmt.
|
Security Tokens
|
Governance
|
Audit & Compliance
|
|
|
Gen.
|
IIM
|
FIM
|
Gen.
|
SSO
|
Multi-Factor
|
|
Gen.
|
Provisioning
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
|
|
|
Featured
Cloud Deployment Models
|
Featured
Cloud Service Models
|
|
None
|
Private
|
Public
|
Community
|
Hybrid
|
None
|
SaaS
|
PaaS
|
IaaS
|
Other
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
- Need to better define users: are these customers,
consumers, etc.?
- Users are able to dynamically delegate; how does this
relate to data controllers / data processor concepts as understood within
the privacy realm? Wording should be chosen carefully with respect to
privacy definitions.
- Same as use case 26, item ‘scope’ controlled by the owner
- Similar to Google Docs, Office365, Skydrive, etc.
- Resource granular access delegation by resource owner;
example Facebook
- Same as above; variation is need for user control for
revocation, changes, etc. (especially when they have been chained).
The following individuals have participated in the creation
of this specification and are gratefully acknowledged:
Participants:
Abbie
Barbir, Bank of America
Jeffrey
Broberg, CA Technologies
Carl
Bunje, The Boeing Company
Milan
Calina, First Point Global Pty Ltd.
Brian
Campbell, Ping Identity Corporation
David
Chadwick, Individual Member
Aradhna
Chetal, The Boeing Company
Doron
Cohen, SafeNet, Inc.
Sastry
Dhara, Individual Member
Gines
Dolera Tormo, NEC Corporation
Michele
Drgon, Individual Member
Felix
Gomez Marmol, NEC Corporation
Bob
Gupta, Viometric, LLC
Tomas
Gustavsson, PrimeKey Solutions AB
Patrick
Harding, Ping Identity Corporation
Thomas
Hardjono, M.I.T.
Hadass
Harel, eBay, Inc.
Masum
Hasan, Cisco Systems
ChengDong
He, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Heather
Hinton, IBM
Rainer
Hoerbe, Individual Member
Gershon
Janssen, Individual Member
Chris
Kappler, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
David
Kern, IBM
Kelvin
Lawrence, IBM
Paul
Lipton, CA Technologies
Paul
Madsen, Ping Identity Corporation
Dimitar
Mihaylov, SAP AG
Dale
Moberg, Axway Software
Anthony
Nadalin, Microsoft
John
Newton, Alfresco Software
Dominique
Nguyen, Bank of America
Guillaume
Noe, Deloitte Consulting LLP
li
peng, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Darren
Platt, Symplified
Nick
Pope, Thales e-Security
Donald
Provencher, Bank of America
Martin
Raepple, SAP AG
Christopher
Ramstrom, CA Technologies
Darran
Rolls, SailPoint Technologies
Matthew
Rutkowski, IBM
Anil
Saldhana, Red Hat
Richard
Sand, Individual Member
Joe
Savak, Rackspace Hosting, Inc.
Ziad
Sawalha, Rackspace Hosting, Inc.
Mark
Schertler, Axway Software
Suneet
Shah, OpenIAM, LLC
Sean
Shen, China Internet Network Information Center(CNNIC)
Jerry
Smith, US Department of Defense (DoD)
Xiaonan
Song, Primeton Technologies, Inc.
Scott
Stark, Red Hat
Don
Thibeau, Open Identity Exchange
Cathy
Tilton, Daon
John
Tolbert, The Boeing Company
David
Turner, Microsoft
Steve
VanTill, Security Industry Association
Colin
Wallis, New Zealand Government
YanJiong
WANG, Primeton Technologies, Inc.
Jeffrey
Wheeler, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Frank
Wray, Bank of America
Frank
Wray, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP:
Kevin
Yu, Verizon Business
Aaron Zhang, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
|
Revision
|
Date
|
Editor
|
Changes Made
|
|
01a
|
February 03, 2012
|
Gershon Janssen
|
Initial draft version.
|
|
01b
|
February 19, 2012
|
Gershon Janssen
|
Added output of first pass
on applicable standards for all use cases to the document.
|
|
01c
|
May 14, 2012
|
Gershon Janssen
|
Added output of gap analysis
discussions.
|
|
01d
|
May 18, 2012
|
Gershon Janssen
|
Added draft output of F2F
gap analysis discussions. No editorial clean-up and rewording.
|
|
02
|
April 1, 2013
|
Gershon Janssen
|
Updated document with all
gap analysis discussions output.
|
|
03
|
April 27, 2013
|
Gershon Janssen
|
Added Acknowledgements
section.
|