1 Introduction

1.1 Terminology

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",

"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this specification are to be interpreted as described in IETF RFC 2119 [RFC 2119]. These keywords are capitalized when used to unambiguously specify requirements over protocol features and behavior that affect the interoperability and security of implementations. When these words are not capitalized, they are meant in their natural-language sense.

This specification uses the following typographical conventions in text: <DSSElement>, <ns:ForeignElement>, Attribute, Datatype, OtherCode.

Listings of DSS schemas appear like this.

1.2 Normative References

[Core-XSD] S. Drees,. DSS Schema. OASIS, February 2007.

[DSS-TS-P] T Perrin et al. DSS Timestamp Profile. OASIS, February 2007.

[DSS-AdES-P] JC Cruellas et al. Advanced Electronic Signature Profiles of the OASIS Digital Signature Service. OASIS, February 2007

[RFC 2119] S. Bradner. Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. IETF RFC 2119, March 1997.
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt.

[RFC 2246] T Dierks, C. Allen. The TLS Protocol Version 1.0. IETF RFC 2246, January 1999.
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2246.txt.

[RFC 2396] T. Berners-Lee et al. Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax. IETF RFC 2396, August 1998.
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt.

[RFC 2440] J. Callas, L. Donnerhacke, H. Finney, R. Thayer. OpenPGP Message Format. IETF RFC 2440, November 1998.
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2440.txt.

[RFC 2616] R. Fielding et al. Hypertext Transfer Protocol - HTTP/1.1. IETF RFC 2616, June 1999.
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt.

[RFC 2648] R. Moats. A URN Namespace for IETF Documents. IETF RFC 2648, August 1999.
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2648.txt.

[RFC2822] P. Resnick. Internet Message Format. IETF RFC 2822, April 2001. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2822.txt

[RFC 3161] C. Adams, P. Cain, D. Pinkas, R. Zuccherato. Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Time-Stamp Protocol (TSP). IETF RFC 3161, August 2001.
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3161.txt.

[RFC 3268] P. Chown. AES Ciphersuites for TLS. IETF RFC 3268, June 2002. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3268.txt.

[RFC 3280] R. Housley, W. Polk, W. Ford, D. Solo. Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile. IETF RFC 3280, April 2002.
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3280.txt.

[RFC 3852] R. Housley. Cryptographic Message Syntax. IETF RFC 3852, July 2004.
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3852.txt.
(Remark: As used in DSS, all implementations based upon RFC 3852, RFC 3369 and previous releases of CMS will suffice. For the sake of simplicity the "urn:ietf::3369" is used throughout the document to indicate a CMS message as specified in RFC 3852 or RFC 3369 or any version (including PKCS #7).

[SAMLCore1.1] E. Maler et al. Assertions and Protocol for the OASIS Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) V 1.1. OASIS, November 2002.
http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/3406/oasis-sstc-saml-core-1.1.pdf

[Schema1] H. S. Thompson et al. XML Schema Part 1: Structures. W3C Recommendation, May 2001.
http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/

[SOAP] M. Gudgin et al. SOAP Version 1.2 Part 1: Messaging Framework. W3C Recommendation, June 2003.
http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/

[SOAPAtt] H. F. Nielsen, H. Ruellan SOAP 1.2 Attachment Feature, W3C Working Group Note, 8 June 2004
http://www.w3.org/TR/soap12-af/

[WS-I-Att] Ch. Ferris, A. Karmarkar, C. K. Liu Attachments Profile Version 1.0, The Web Services-Interoperability Organization (WS-I), 20 April 2006
http://www.ws-i.org/Profiles/AttachmentsProfile-1.0.html

[XML-C14N] J. Boyer. Canonical XML Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation, March 2001.
http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n

[XML-ESCAPE] Tim Bray, Jean Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, et al. Predefined Entities in Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Third Edition), W3C Recommendation, 04 February 2004,
http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#dt-escape

[xml:id] xml:id, Version 1.0, W3C Recommendation, 9 September 2005, http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-id/

[XML-ns] T. Bray, D. Hollander, A. Layman. Namespaces in XML. W3C Recommendation, January 1999.
http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114

[XML-NT-Document] http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204/#NT-document

[XML-PROLOG] Tim Bray, Jean Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, et al. Prolog and Document Type Declaration in Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Third Edition), W3C Recommendation, 04 February 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#sec-prolog-dtd

[XMLDSIG] D. Eastlake et al. XML-Signature Syntax and Processing. W3C Recommendation, February 2002.
http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xmldsig-core-20020212/

[XML-TSP] T. Perrin et al. XML Timestamping Profile of the OASIS Digital Signature Services. W3C Recommendation, February 2002. OASIS, (MONTH/YEAR TBD)

[XML] Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Third Edition). W3C Recommendation 04 February 2004 http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#sec-element-content

[XPATH] XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation 16 November 1999 http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath

[XML-xcl-c14n] Exclusive XML Canonicalization Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation 18 July 2002 http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xml-exc-c14n-20020718/

1.3 Schema Organization and Namespaces

The structures described in this specification are contained in the schema file [Core-XSD]. All schema listings in the current document are excerpts from the schema file. In the case of a disagreement between the schema file and this document, the schema file takes precedence.

This schema is associated with the following XML namespace:

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:core:schema

If a future version of this specification is needed, it will use a different namespace.

Conventional XML namespace prefixes are used in the schema:

The prefix dss: stands for the DSS core namespace [Core-XSD].
The prefix ds: stands for the W3C XML Signature namespace [XMLDSIG].
The prefix xs: stands for the W3C XML Schema namespace [Schema1].
The prefix saml: stands for the OASIS SAML Schema namespace [SAMLCore1.1].

Applications MAY use different namespace prefixes, and MAY use whatever namespace defaulting/scoping conventions they desire, as long as they are compliant with the Namespaces in XML specification [XML-ns].

The following schema fragment defines the XML namespaces and other header information for the DSS core schema:

<xs:schema xmlns:dss="urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:core:schema"

xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"

xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"

xmlns:saml="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:assertion"

targetNamespace="urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:core:schema"

elementFormDefault="qualified"

attributeFormDefault="unqualified">

<xs:annotation>

<xs:documentation xml:lang="en">This Schema defines the Digital Signature Service Core Protocols, Elements, and Bindings Committee Draft 5 for Public Review</xs:documentation>

</xs:annotation>

<xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmldsig-core/xmldsig-core-schema.xsd"/>

<xs:import namespace="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:assertion" schemaLocation="http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/3408/oasis-sstc-saml-schema-protocol-1.1.xsd"/>

<xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/2001/xml.xsd"/>

1.4 DSS Overview (Non-normative)

This specification describes two XML-based request/response protocols - a signing protocol and a verifying protocol. Through these protocols a client can send documents (or document hashes) to a server and receive back a signature on the documents; or send documents (or document hashes) and a signature to a server, and receive back an answer on whether the signature verifies the documents.

These operations could be useful in a variety of contexts - for example, they could allow clients to access a single corporate key for signing press releases, with centralized access control, auditing, and archiving of signature requests. They could also allow clients to create and verify signatures without needing complex client software and configuration.

The signing and verifying protocols are chiefly designed to support the creation and verification of XML signatures [XMLDSIG], XML timestamps (see section 5.1), binary timestamps [RFC 3161] and CMS signatures [RFC 3852]. These protocols may also be extensible to other types of signatures and timestamps, such as PGP signatures [RFC 2440].

It is expected that the signing and verifying protocols will be profiled to meet many different application scenarios. In anticipation of this, these protocols have only a minimal set of required elements, which deal with transferring "input documents" and signatures back and forth between client and server. The input documents to be signed or verified can be transferred in their entirety, or the client can hash the documents themselves and only send the hash values, to save bandwidth and protect the confidentiality of the document content.

All functionality besides transferring input documents and signatures is relegated to a framework of "optional inputs" and "optional outputs". This document defines a number of optional inputs and outputs. Profiles of these protocols can pick and choose which optional inputs and outputs to support, and can introduce their own optional inputs and outputs when they need functionality not anticipated by this specification.

Examples of optional inputs to the signing protocol include: what type of signature to produce, which key to sign with, who the signature is intended for, and what signed and unsigned properties to place in the signature. Examples of optional inputs to the verifying protocol include: the time for which the client would like to know the signature's validity status, additional validation data necessary to verify the signature (such as certificates and CRLs), and requests for the server to return information such as the signer's name or the signing time.

The signing and verifying protocol messages must be transferred over some underlying protocol(s) which provide message transport and security. A binding specifies how to use the signing and verifying protocols with some underlying protocol, such as HTTP POST or TLS. Section 6 provides an initial set of bindings.

In addition to defining the signing and verifying protocols, this specification defines two XML elements that are related to these protocols. First, an XML timestamp element is defined in section 5.1. The signing and verifying protocols can be used to create and verify both XML and binary timestamps; a profile for doing so is defined in [XML-TSP]. Second, a RequesterIdentity element is defined in section 5.2. This element can be used as a signature property in an XML signature, to give the name of the end-user who requested the signature.

2 Common Protocol Structures

The following sections describe XML structures and types that are used in multiple places.

2.1 Type AnyType

The AnyType complex type allows arbitrary XML element content within an element of this type (see section 3.2.1 Element Content [XML]).

<xs:complexType name="AnyType">

<xs:sequence>

<xs:anyprocessContents="lax"

minOccurs="0"

maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

2.2 Type InternationalStringType

The InternationalStringType complex type attaches an xml:lang attribute to a human-readable string to specify the string's language.

<xs:complexType name="InternationalStringType">

<xs:simpleContent>

<xs:extension base="xs:string">

<xs:attribute ref="xml:lang" use="required">

</xs:extension>

</xs:simpleContent>

</xs:complexType>

2.3 Type saml:NameIdentifierType

The saml:NameIdentifierType complex type is used where different types of names are needed (such as email addresses, Distinguished Names, etc.). This type is borrowed from [SAMLCore1.1] section 2.4.2.2. It consists of a string with the following attributes:

NameQualifier [Optional]

The security or administrative domain that qualifies the name of the subject. This attribute provides a means to federate names from disparate user stores without collision.

Format [Optional]

A URI [RFC 2396] reference representing the format in which the string is provided. See section 7.3 of [SAMLCore1.1] for some URI references that may be used as the value of the Format attribute.

2.4 Element <InputDocuments>

The <InputDocuments> element is used to send input documents to a DSS server, whether for signing or verifying. An input document can be any piece of data that can be used as input to a signature or timestamp calculation. An input document can even be a signature or timestamp (for example, a pre-existing signature can be counter-signed or timestamped). An input document could also be a <ds:Manifest>, allowing the client to handle manifest creation while using the server to create the rest of the signature. Manifest validation is supported by an optional input / output.

The <InputDocuments> element consists of any number of the following elements:

<Document> [Any Number]

It contains a document as specified in section 2.4.2 of this document.

<TransformedData> [Any Number]

This contains the binary output of a chain of transforms applied by a client as specified in section 2.4.3 of this document.

<DocumentHash> [Any Number]

This contains the hash value of an XML document or some other data after a client has applied a sequence of transforms and also computed a hash value as specified in section 2.4.4 of this document.

<Other>

Other may contain arbitrary content that may be specified in a profile and can also be used to extend the Protocol for details see section 2.1.

<xs:element name="InputDocuments">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:choice minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded">

<xs:element ref="dss:Document"/>

<xs:element ref="dss:TransformedData"/>

<xs:element ref="dss:DocumentHash"/>

<xs:element name="Other" type="dss:AnyType"/>

</xs:choice>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

When using DSS to create or verify XML signatures, each input document will usually correspond to a single <ds:Reference> element. Thus, in the descriptions below of the <Document>, <TransformedData> and <DocumentHash> elements, it is explained how certain elements and attributes of a <Document>, <TransformedData> and <DocumentHash> correspond to components of a <ds:Reference>.

2.4.1 Type DocumentBaseType

The DocumentBaseType complex type is subclassed by <Document>, <TransformedData> and <DocumentHash> elements. It contains the basic information shared by subclasses and remaining persistent during the process from input document retrieval until digest calculation for the relevant document. It contains the following elements and attributes:

ID [Optional]

This identifier gives the input document a unique label within a particular request message. Through this identifier, an optional input (see sections 2.7, 3.5.6 and 3.5.8) can refer to a particular input document.

RefURI [Optional]

This specifies the value for a <ds:Reference> element's URI attribute when referring to this input document. The RefURI attribute SHOULD be specified; no more than one RefURI attribute may be omitted in a single signing request.

RefType [Optional]

This specifies the value for a <ds:Reference> element's Type attribute when referring to this input document.

SchemaRefs [Optional]:

The identified schemas are to be used to identify ID attributes during parsing in sections 2.5.2, 3.3.1 1.a and 4.3 and for XPath evaluation in sections 2.6, 3.5.7, 4.3.1. If anything else but <Schema> are referred to, the server MUST report an error. If a referred to <Schema> is not used by the XML document instance this MAY be ignored or reported to the client in the <Result>/<ResultMessage> (for the definition of <Schema> see 2.8.5 or 2.9.1 on <Schemas>).

The Document is assumed to be valid against the first <Schema> referred to by SchemaRefs.

If a <Schemas> element is referred to first by SchemaRefs the document is assumed to be valid against the first <Schema> inside <Schemas>. In both cases, the remaining schemas may occur in any order and are used either directly or indirectly by the first schema.

If present, the server MUST use the schemas to identify the ID attributes and MAY also perform complete validation against the schemas.

<xs:complexType name="DocumentBaseType" abstract="true">

<xs:attribute name="ID" type="xs:ID" use="optional"/>

<xs:attribute name="RefURI" type="xs:anyURI" use="optional"/>

<xs:attribute name="RefType" type="xs:anyURI" use="optional"/>

<xs:attribute name="SchemaRefs" type="xs:IDREFS" use="optional"/>

</xs:complexType>

Note: It is recommended to use xml:id as defined in [xml:id] as id in the payload being referenced by a <ds:Reference>, because the schema then does not have to be supplied for identifying the ID attributes.

2.4.2 Element <Document>

The <Document> element may contain the following elements (in addition to the common ones listed in section 2.4.1):

If the content inside one of the following mutually exclusive elements <InlineXML>, <EscapedXML> or <Base64XML> is not parseable XML data, after appropriate decoding, then the server MUST return a <Result> (section 2.6) issuing a <ResultMajor> RequesterError qualified by a <ResultMinor> NotParseableXMLDocument.

The server MUST use the <Schema> referred by <SchemaRefs> for validation if specified.

<Base64XML> [Optional] [Default]

This contains a base64 string obtained after base64 encoding of a XML data. The server MUST decode it to obtain the XML data.

<InlineXML> [Optional]

The InlineXMLType clearly expresses the fact, that content of <InlineXML> is inline XML that should be equivalent to a complete XML Document. I.e. having only one DocumentElement (see section 2.1 Well-Formed XML Documents [XML]) and not allowing anything but PI's and Comments before and after this one element.

It may contain the ignorePIs and ignoreComments attributes. These attributes apply to the complete document and indicate respectively, if processing instructions or comments MAY be ignored.

If one or both of these attributes are not present, their values MUST be considered to be "true".

InlineXML will work with PIs and/or Comments if ignorePIs and ignoreComments are false respectively and if the server supports such behavior.

<EscapedXML> [Optional]

This contains an escaped string. The server MUST unescape (escape sequences are processed to produce original XML sequence) it for obtaining XML data.

<Base64Data> [Optional]

This contains a base64 encoding of data that are not XML. The type of data is specified by its MimeType attribute, that may be required when using DSS with other signature types.

<AttachmentReference> [Optional]

This contains a reference to an attachment like SOAP attachments or similar data containers that may be passed along with the request. For details see section 6.2.1

<xs:element name="Document" type="dss:DocumentType"/>

<xs:complexType name="DocumentType">

<xs:complexContent>

<xs:extension base="dss:DocumentBaseType">

<xs:choice>

<xs:element name="InlineXML" type="dss:InlineXMLType"/>

<xs:element name="Base64XML" type="xs:base64Binary"/>

<xs:element name="EscapedXML" type="xs:string"/>

<xs:element ref="dss:Base64Data"/>

<xs:element ref="dss:AttachmentReference"/>

</xs:choice>

</xs:extension>

</xs:complexContent>

</xs:complexType>

<xs:element name="Base64Data">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:simpleContent>

<xs:extension base="xs:base64Binary">

<xs:attribute name="MimeType" type="xs:string"

use="optional">

</xs:extension>

</xs:simpleContent>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

<xs:complexType name="InlineXMLType">

<xs:sequence>

<xs:any processContents="lax"/>

</xs:sequence>

<xs:attribute name="ignorePIs" type="xs:boolean"
use="optional" default="true"/>

<xs:attribute name="ignoreComments" type="xs:boolean"
use="optional" default="true"/>

</xs:complexType>

2.4.3 Element <TransformedData>

The <TransformedData> element contains the following elements (in addition to the common ones listed in section 2.4.1):

<ds:Transforms> [Required on a SignRequest] [Optional on VerifyRequest]

This is the sequence of transforms applied by the client and specifies the value for a <ds:Reference> element's <ds:Transforms> child element. In other words, this specifies transforms that the client has already applied to the input document before the server will hash it.

<Base64Data> [Required]

This gives the binary output of a sequence of transforms to be hashed at the server side.

WhichReference [Ignored on a SignRequest] [Optional on a VerifyRequest]

As there may be multiple TransformedData / DocumentHash elements of the same document having the same URI [RFC 2396] and RefType on a SignRequest or VerifyRequest - their correspondance to an already existing <ds:Reference> however needs to be established on a VerifyRequest only.

There is a need to disambiguate such cases. This Attribute hence offers a way to clearly identify the <ds:Reference> when URI and RefType match multiple ds:References / TransformedData / DocumentHash. The corresponding ds:Reference is indicated by this zero-based WhichReference attribute (0 means the first <ds:Reference> in the signature, 1 means the second, and so on).

Note: It may be possible to establish the ds:References / TransformedData / DocumentHash correspondence by comparing the optionally supplied chain of transforms to those of the ds:References having the same URI and RefType in the supplied ds:Signature if this chain of transform has been supplied. This can be quite expensive and even out the advantages of TransformedData / DocumentHash.

<xs:element name="TransformedData">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:complexContent>

<xs:extension base="dss:DocumentBaseType">

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element ref="ds:Transforms" minOccurs="0"/>

<xs:element ref="dss:Base64Data"/>

</xs:sequence>

<xs:attribute name="WhichReference" type="xs:integer"

use="optional"/>

</xs:extension>

</xs:complexContent>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

2.4.4 Element <DocumentHash>

The <DocumentHash> element contains the following elements (in addition to the common ones listed in section 2.4.1):

<ds:Transforms> [Required on a SignRequest] [Optional on VerifyRequest]

This specifies the value for a <ds:Reference> element's <ds:Transforms> child element when referring to this document hash. In other words, this specifies transforms that the client has already applied to the input document before hashing it.

<ds:DigestMethod> [Required on a SignRequest] [Optional on VerifyRequest]

This identifies the digest algorithm used to hash the document at the client side. This specifies the value for a <ds:Reference> element's <ds:DigestMethod> child element when referring to this input document.

<ds:DigestValue> [Required]

This gives the document's hash value. This specifies the value for a <ds:Reference> element's <ds:DigestValue> child element when referring to this input document.

WhichReference [Ignored on a SignRequest] [Optional on a VerifyRequest]

As there may be multiple TransformedData / DocumentHash elements of the same document having the same URI and RefType on a SignRequest or VerifyRequest - their correspondance to an already existing <ds:Reference> however needs to be established on a VerifyRequest only.

<xs:element name="DocumentHash">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:complexContent>

<xs:extension base="dss:DocumentBaseType">

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element ref="ds:Transforms" minOccurs="0"/>

<xs:element ref="ds:DigestMethod" minOccurs="0"/>

<xs:element ref="ds:DigestValue"/>

</xs:sequence>

<xs:attribute name="WhichReference" type="xs:integer"

use="optional"/>

</xs:extension>

</xs:complexContent>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

2.5 Element <SignatureObject>

The <SignatureObject> element contains a signature or timestamp of some sort. This element is returned in a sign response message, and sent in a verify request message. It may contain one of the following child elements:

<ds:Signature> [Optional]

An XML signature [XMLDSIG].

<Timestamp> [Optional]

An XML, RFC 3161 or other timestamp (see section 5.1).

<Base64Signature> [Optional]

A base64 encoding of some non-XML signature, such as a PGP [RFC 2440] or CMS [RFC 3852] signature. The type of signature is specified by its Type attribute (see section 7.1).

<SignaturePtr> [Optional]

This is used to point to an XML signature in an input (for a verify request) or output (for a sign response) document in which a signature is enveloped.

SchemaRefs [Optional]

As described above in 2.4.1

A <SignaturePtr> contains the following attributes:

WhichDocument [Required]

This identifies the input document as in section 2.4.2 being pointed at (see also ID attribute in section 2.4.1).

XPath [Optional]

a) This identifies the signature element being pointed at.

b) The XPath expression is evaluated from the root node (see section 5.1 of [XPATH]) of the document identified by WhichDocument after the XML data was extracted and parsed if necessary. The context node for the XPath evaluation is the document's DocumentElement (see section 2.1 Well-Formed XML Documents [XML]).

c) About namespace declarations for the expression necessary for evaluation see section 1 of [XPATH]. Namespace prefixes used in XPath expressions MUST be declared within the element containing the XPath expression. E.g.: <SignaturePtr xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" XPath="//ds:Signature">. See also the following example below. A piece of a XML signature of a <ds:Reference> containing a <ds:Transforms> with a XPath filtering element that includes inline namespace prefixes declaration. This piece of text comes from one of the signatures that were generated in the course of the interoperability experimentation. As one can see they are added to the <ds:XPath> element:

<ds:Transform xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"

Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116">

<ds:XPath xmlns:upc1="http://www.ac.upc.edu/namespaces/ns1"

xmlns:upc2="http://www.ac.upc.edu/namespaces/ns2">ancestor-or-self::upc1:Root</ds:XPath>

</ds:Transform>

</Transforms>

<DigestValue>24xf8vfP3xJ40akfFAnEVM/zxXY=</DigestValue>

</Reference>

If the XPath does not evaluate to one element the server MUST return a <Result> (section 2.6) issuing a <ResultMajor> RequesterError qualified by a <ResultMinor> XPathEvaluationError.

<Other>

Other may contain arbitrary content that may be specified in a profile and can also be used to extend the Protocol.

The following schema fragment defines the <SignatureObject>, <Base64Signature>, and <SignaturePtr> elements:

<xs:element name="SignatureObject">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:choice>

<xs:element ref="ds:Signature"/>

<xs:element ref="dss:Timestamp"/>

<xs:element ref="dss:Base64Signature"/>

<xs:element ref="dss:SignaturePtr"/>

<xs:elementname="Other"type="dss:AnyType"/>

</xs:choice>

</xs:sequence>

<xs:attribute name="SchemaRefs" type="xs:IDREFS" use="optional"/>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

<xs:element name="Base64Signature">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:simpleContent>

<xs:extension base="xs:base64Binary">

<xs:attribute name="Type" type="xs:anyURI"/>

</xs:extension>

</xs:simpleContent>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

<xs:element name="SignaturePtr">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:attribute name="WhichDocument" type="xs:IDREF"/>

<xs:attribute name="XPath" type="xs:string"use="optional"/>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

2.6 Element <Result>

The <Result> element is returned with every response message. It contains the following child elements:

<ResultMajor> [Required]

The most significant component of the result code.

<ResultMinor> [Optional]

The least significant component of the result code.

<ResultMessage> [Optional]

A message which MAY be returned to an operator, logged, used for debugging, etc.

<xs:element name="Result">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name="ResultMajor" type="xs:anyURI"/>

<xs:element name="ResultMinor" type="xs:anyURI"

minOccurs="0"/>

<xs:element name="ResultMessage"

type="dss:InternationalStringType" minOccurs="0"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

The <ResultMajor> URIs MUST be values defined by this specification or by some profile of this specification. The <ResultMajor> values defined by this specification are:

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultmajor:Success

The protocol executed successfully.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultmajor:RequesterError

The request could not be satisfied due to an error on the part of the requester.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultmajor:ResponderError

The request could not be satisfied due to an error on the part of the responder.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultmajor:InsufficientInformation

The request could not be satisfied due to insufficient information.

In case of doubt of who is responsible a urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultmajor:ResponderError is assumed.

This specification defines the following <ResultMinor> values, that are listed below, grouped by the respective associated <ResultMajor> code.

One of the following <ResultMinor> values MUST be returned when the <ResultMajor> code is Success.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:valid:signature:OnAllDocuments

The signature or timestamp is valid. Furthermore, the signature or timestamp covers all of the input documents just as they were passed in by the client.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:valid:signature:NotAllDocumentsReferenced

The signature or timestamp is valid. However, the signature or timestamp does not cover all of the input documents that were passed in by the client.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:invalid:IncorrectSignature

The signature fails to verify, for example due to the signed document being modified or the incorrect key being used.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:valid:signature:HasManifestResults

The signature is valid with respect to XML Signature core validation. In addition, the message also contains VerifyManifestResults.
Note: In the case that the core signature validation failed no attempt is made to verify the manifest.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:valid:signature:InvalidSignatureTimestamp

The signature is valid however the timestamp on that signature is invalid.

The following <ResultMinor> values is suggest MAY be returned when the <ResultMajor> code is RequesterError.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:ReferencedDocumentNotPresent

A ds:Reference element is present in the ds:Signature containing a full URI, but the corresponding input document is not present in the request.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:KeyInfoNotProvided

The required key information was not supplied by the client, but the server expected it to do so.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:MoreThanOneRefUriOmitted

The server was not able to create a signature because more than one RefUriwas omitted.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:InvalidRefURI

The value of the RefURIattribute included in an input document is not valid.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:NotParseableXMLDocument

The server was not able to parse a Document.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:NotSupported

The server doesn't recognize or can't handle any optional input.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:Inappropriate:signature

The signature or its contents are not appropriate in the current context.
For example, the signature may be associated with a signature policy and semantics which the DSS server considers unsatisfactory.

Further values for <ResultMinor> associated with <ResultMajor> code
urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultmajor:RequesterError are left open to the implementer or profile to be defined with in their namespaces.

The following <ResultMinor> values MAY be returned when the <ResultMajor> code is ResponderError.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:GeneralError

The processing of the request failed due to an error not covered by the existing error codes. Further details should be given in the result message for the user which may be passed on to the relevant administrator.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:invalid:KeyLookupFailed

Locating the identified key failed (e.g. look up failed in directory or in local key file).

Further values for <ResultMinor> associated with <ResultMajor> code
urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultmajor:ResponderError are left open to the implementer or profile to be defined within their namespaces.

The following <ResultMinor> values MAY be returned when the <ResultMajor> code is InsufficientInformation.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:CrlNotAvailiable

The relevant certificate revocation list was not available for checking.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:OcspNotAvailiable

The relevant revocation information was not available via the online certificate status protocol.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:CertificateChainNotComplete

The chain of trust could not be established binding the public key used for validation to a trusted root certification authority via potential intermediate certification authorities.

2.7 Elements <OptionalInputs> and <OptionalOutputs>

All request messages can contain an <OptionalInputs> element, and all response messages can contain an <OptionalOutputs> element. Several optional inputs and outputs are defined in this document, and profiles can define additional ones.

The <OptionalInputs> contains additional inputs associated with the processing of the request. Profiles will specify the allowed optional inputs and their default values. The definition of an optional input MAY include a default value, so that a client may omit the <OptionalInputs> yet still get service from any profile-compliant DSS server.

If a server doesn't recognize or can't handle any optional input, it MUST reject the request with a <ResultMajor> code of RequesterError and a <ResultMinor> code of NotSupported (see section 2.6).

The <OptionalOutputs> element contains additional protocol outputs. The client MAY request the server to respond with certain optional outputs by sending certain optional inputs. The server MAY also respond with outputs the client didn't request, depending on the server's profile and policy.

The <OptionalInputs> and <OptionalOutputs> elements contain unordered inputs and outputs. Applications MUST be able to handle optional inputs or outputs appearing in any order within these elements. Normally, there will only be at most one occurrence of any particular optional input or output within a protocol message. Where multiple occurrences of an optional input (e.g. <IncludeObject> in section 3.5.6) or optional output are allowed, it will be explicitly specified (see section 4.5.9 for an example).

The following schema fragment defines the <OptionalInputs> and <OptionalOutputs> elements:

<xs:element name="OptionalInputs" type="dss:AnyType"/>

<xs:element name="OptionalOutputs" type="dss:AnyType"/>

2.8 Common Optional Inputs

These optional inputs can be used with both the signing protocol and the verifying protocol.

2.8.1 Optional Input <ServicePolicy>

The <ServicePolicy> element indicates a particular policy associated with the DSS service. The policy may include information on the characteristics of the server that are not covered by the Profile attribute (see sections 3.1 and 4.1). The <ServicePolicy> element may be used to select a specific policy if a service supports multiple policies for a specific profile, or as a sanity-check to make sure the server implements the policy the client expects.

<xs:element name="ServicePolicy" type="xs:anyURI"/>

2.8.2 Optional Input <ClaimedIdentity>

The <ClaimedIdentity> element indicates the identity of the client who is making a request. The server may use this to parameterize any aspect of its processing. Profiles that make use of this element MUST define its semantics.

The <SupportingInfo> child element can be used by profiles to carry information related to the claimed identity. One possible use of <SupportingInfo> is to carry authentication data that authenticates the request as originating from the claimed identity (examples of authentication data include a password or SAML Assertion [SAMLCore1.1], or a signature or MAC calculated over the request using a client key).

The claimed identity may be authenticated using the security binding, according to section 6, or using authentication data provided in the <SupportingInfo> element. The server MUST check that the asserted <Name> is authenticated before relying upon the <Name>.

<xs:element name="ClaimedIdentity">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name="Name" type="saml:NameIdentifierType"/>

<xs:element name="SupportingInfo" type="dss:AnyType"

minOccurs="0"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

2.8.3 Optional Input <Language>

The <Language> element indicates which language the client would like to receive InternationalStringType values in. The server should return appropriately localized strings, if possible.

<xs:element name="Language" type="xs:language"/>

2.8.4 Optional Input <AdditionalProfile>

The <AdditionalProfile> element can appear multiple times in a request. It indicates additional profiles which modify the main profile specified by the Profile attribute (thus the Profile attribute MUST be present; see sections 3.1 and 4.1 for details of this attribute). The interpretation of additional profiles is determined by the main profile.

<xs:element name="AdditionalProfile" type="xs:anyURI"/>

2.8.5 Optional Input <Schemas>

The <Schemas> element provides an in band mechanism for communicating XML schemas required for validating an XML document.

<xs:element name="Schemas" type="dss:SchemasType"/>

<xs:complexType name="SchemasType">

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element ref="dss:Schema" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

<xs:element name="Schema" type="dss:DocumentType"/>

An XML schema is itself an XML document, however, only the following attributes, defined in dss:DocumentType, are meaningful for the <Schema> element:

Used by relying XML document to identify a schema.

RefURI

The target namespace of the schema (i.e. the value of the targetNamespace attribute).

RefType

MUST NOT be used.

SchemaRefs

MUST NOT be used.

2.9 Common Optional Outputs

These optional outputs can be used with both the signing protocol and the verifying protocol.

2.9.1 Optional Output <Schemas>

The <Schemas> element is typically used as an optional input in a <VerifyRequest>. However, there are situations where it may be used as an optional output. For example, a service that makes use of the <ReturnUpdatedSignature> mechanism may, after verifying a signature over an input document, generate a signature over a document of a different schema than the input document. In this case the <Schemas> element MAY be used to communicate the XML schemas required for validating the returned XML document.

For a description of the <Schemas> element see section 2.8.5.

2.10 Type <RequestBaseType>

The <RequestBaseType> complex type is the base structure for request elements defined by the core protocol or profiles. It defines the following attributes and elements:

RequestID [Optional]

This attribute is used to correlate requests with responses. When present in a request, the server MUST return it in the response.

Profile [Optional]

This attribute indicates a particular DSS profile. It may be used to select a profile if a server supports multiple profiles, or as a sanity-check to make sure the server implements the profile the client expects.

<OptionalInputs> [Optional]

Any additional inputs to the request.

<InputDocuments> [Optional]

The input documents which the processing will be applied to.

<xs:complexType name="RequestBaseType">

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element ref="dss:OptionalInputs" minOccurs="0"/>

<xs:element ref="dss:InputDocuments" minOccurs="0"/>

</xs:sequence>

<xs:attribute name="RequestID" type="xs:string"

use="optional"/>

<xs:attribute name="Profile" type="xs:anyURI" use="optional"/>

</xs:element>

2.11 Type <ResponseBaseType>

The <ResponseBaseType> complex type is the base structure for response elements defined by the core protocol or profiles. It defines the following attributes and elements:

RequestID [Optional]

This attribute is used to correlate requests with responses. When present in a request, the server MUST return it in the response.

Profile [Required]

This attribute indicates the particular DSS profile used by the server. It may be used by the client for logging purposes or to make sure the server implements a profile the client expects.

<Result> [Required]

A code representing the status of the request.

<OptionalOutputs> [Optional]

Any additional outputs returned by the server.

<xs:complexType name="ResponseBaseType">

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element ref="dss:Result"/>

<xs:element ref="dss:OptionalOutputs" minOccurs="0"/>

</xs:sequence>

<xs:attribute name="RequestID" type="xs:string"

use="optional"/>

<xs:attribute name="Profile" type="xs:anyURI" use="required"/>

</xs:element>

2.12 Element <Response>

The <Response> element is an instance of the <ResponseBaseType> type. This element is useful in cases where the DSS server is not able to respond with a special response type. It is a general purpose response element for exceptional circumstances.

E.g.: "The server only supports verification requests.", "The server is currently under maintenance" or "The service operates from 8:00 to 17:00".

Other use cases for this type are expected to be described in special profiles ( e.g. the Asynchronous profile ).

<xs:element name="Response" type="dss:ResponseBaseType"/>

3 The DSS Signing Protocol

3.1 Element <SignRequest>

The <SignRequest> element is sent by the client to request a signature or timestamp on some input documents. It contains the following attributes and elements inherited from <RequestBaseType>:

RequestID [Optional]

This attribute is used to correlate requests with responses. When present in a request, the server MUST return it in the response.

Profile [Optional]

<OptionalInputs> [Optional]

Any additional inputs to the request.

<InputDocuments> [Optional]

The input documents, which the signature will be calculated over. This element, while optional in RequestBaseType, is REQUIRED for the <SignRequest> element.

<xs:element name="SignRequest">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:complexContent>

<xs:extension base="dss:RequestBaseType"/>

</xs:complexContent>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

3.2 Element <SignResponse>

The <SignResponse> element contains the following attributes and elements inherited from <ResponseBaseType>:

RequestID [Optional]

This attribute is used to correlate requests with responses. When present in a request, the server MUST return it in the response.

Profile [Optional]

This attribute indicates the particular DSS profile used by the server. It may be used by the client for logging purposes or to make sure the server implements a profile the client expects.

<Result> [Required]

A code representing the status of the request.

<OptionalOutputs> [Optional]

Any additional outputs returned by the server.

In addition to <ResponseBaseType> the <SignResponse> element defines the following <SignatureObject> element:

<SignatureObject> [Optional]

The result signature or timestamp or, in the case of a signature being enveloped in an output document (see section 3.5.8), a pointer to the signature.

In the case of <SignaturePlacement> being used this MUST contain a <SignaturePtr>, having the same XPath expression as in <SignaturePlacement> and pointing to a <DocumentWithSignature> using it's WhichDocument attribute.

<xs:element name="SignResponse">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:complexContent>

<xs:extension base="dss:ResponseBaseType">

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element ref="dss:SignatureObject" minOccurs="0"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:extension>

</xs:complexContent>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

3.3 Processing for XML Signatures

3.3.1 Basic Process for <Base64XML>

A DSS server that produces XML signatures SHOULD perform the following steps, upon receiving a <SignRequest>.

These steps may be changed or overridden by procedures defined for the optional inputs (for example, see section 3.5.6), or by the profile or policy the server is operating under.

The ordering of the <Document> elements inside the <InputDocuments> MAY be ignored by the server.

1. For each <Document> in <InputDocuments> the server MUST perform the following steps:

a. In the case of <Base64XML> (see later sub-sections for other cases), the server base64-decodes the data contained within <Document> into an octet stream. This data MUST be a well formed XML Document as defined in [XML] section 2.1. If the RefURI attribute references within the same input document then the server parses the octet stream to NodeSetData (see [XMLDSIG] section 4.3.3.3) before proceeding to the next step.

b. The data is processed and transforms applied by the server to produce a canonicalized octet string as required in [XMLDSIG] section 4.3.3.2.
Note: Transforms can be applied as a server implementation MAY choose to increase robustness of the Signatures created. These Transforms may reflect idiosyncrasies of different parsers or solve encoding issues or the like. Servers MAY choose not to apply transforms in basic processing and extract the binary data for direct hashing or canonicalize the data directly if certain optional inputs (see sections 3.5.8 point 2 and d.v, 3.5.9 ) are not to be implemented.
Note: As required in [XMLDSIG] if the end result is an XML node set, the server MUST attempt to convert the node set back into an octet stream using Canonical XML [XML-C14N].

c. The hash of the resulting octet stream is calculated.

d. The server forms a <ds:Reference> with the elements and attributes set as follows:

i. If the <Document> has a RefURI attribute, the <ds:Reference> element's URI attribute is set to the value of the RefURI attribute, else this attribute is omitted.
A signature MUST NOT be created if more than one RefURI is omitted in the set of input documents and the server MUST report a RequesterError by setting <ResultMajor> RequesterError qualified by a <ResultMinor>.

ii. If the <Document> has a RefType attribute, the <ds:Reference> element's Type attribute is set to the value of the RefType attribute, else this attribute is omitted.

iii. The <ds:DigestMethod> element is set to the hash method used.

iv. The <ds:DigestValue> element is set to the hash value that is to be calculated as per [XMLDSIG].

v. The <ds:Transforms> element is set to the sequence of transforms applied by the server in step b. This sequence MUST describe the effective transform as a reproducible procedure from parsing until hash.

2. References resulting from processing of optional inputs MUST be included. In doing so, the server MAY reflect the ordering of the <Document> elements.

3. The server creates an XML signature using the <ds:Reference> elements created in Step 1.d, according to the processing rules in [XMLDSIG].

3.3.2 Process Variant for <InlineXML>

In the case of an input document which contains <InlineXML> Step 3.3.1 1.a is replaced with the following step:

a. The XML document is extracted from the DSS protocol envelope, without taking inherited namespaces and attributes. Exclusive Canonical XML [XML-xcl-c14n] MUST be applied to extract data AND assure context free extraction.
If signed data is to be echoed back to the client and hence details could get lost refer to Error! Reference source not found..

In Step 3.3.1 step 1.d.v, the <ds:Transforms> element MUST begin with the canonicalization transform applied under revised step 3.3.2 1.a above.

3.3.3 Process Variant for <EscapedXML>

In the case of an input document which contains <EscapedXML> Step 3.3.1 1.a is replaced with the following:

In the case of <EscapedXML> the server unescapes the data contained within <Document> into a character string. If the RefURI references within the same input document the server parses the unescaped character content to NodeSetData if necessary. If the RefURI does not reference within the same input document then the server canonicalizes the characters or parsed NodeSetData (see [XMLDSIG] section 4.3.3.3) to octet stream if necessary before proceeding to the next step.

Note: If the characters are converted to an octet stream directly a consistent encoding including ByteOrderMark has to be ensured.

In Step 3.3.1 1.d.v, the <ds:Transforms> element MUST begin with the canonicalization transform applied under revised step 3.3.3 0 above.

3.3.4 Process Variant for <Base64Data>

In the case of an input document which contains <Base64data> Step 1 a and Step 1 b are replaced with the following:

a. The server base64-decodes the data contained within <Document> into an octet string.

b. No transforms or other changes are made to the octet string before hashing.

Note: If the RefURI references within the same input document the Document MUST also be referenced by <IncludeObject> in section 3.5.6 to include the object as base64 data inside a <ds:Object> otherwise a <Result> (section 2.6) issuing a <ResultMajor> RequesterError qualified by a <ResultMinor> NotParseableXMLDocument.

3.3.5 Process Variant for <TransformedData>

In the case of an input document which contains <TransformedData> Step 3.3.1 1 is replaced with the following:

1. For each <TransformedData> in <InputDocuments> the server MUST perform the following steps:

a. The server base64-decodes the data contained within <Base64Data> of <TransformedData> into an octet string.

b. Omitted.

c. The hash over of the octet stream extracted in step a is calculated.

d. as in 3.3.1 step 1d updated as follows

replace the word "<Document>" by <TransformedData> otherwise as in as 3.3.1 step 1d.i.

replace the word "<Document>" by <TransformedData> otherwise as in as 3.3.1 step 1d.ii.

same as 3.3.1 step 1d.iii.

The <ds:Transforms> element is set to the sequence of transforms indicated by the client in the <ds:Transforms> element within the <TransformedData>. This sequence MUST describe the effective transform as a reproducible procedure from parsing until digest input.

3.3.6 Process Variant for <DocumentHash>

In the case of an input document which is provided in the form of a hash value in <DocumentHash> Step 3.3.1 1 is replaced with the following:

1. For each <DocumentHash> in <InputDocuments> the server MUST perform the following steps:

a. Omitted.

b. Omitted.

c. Omitted.

d. as in 3.3.1 step 1d updated as follows

i. replace the word "<Document>" by <DocumentHash> otherwise as in as 3.3.1 step 1d.i.

ii. replace the word "<Document>" by <DocumentHash> otherwise as in as 3.3.1 step 1d.ii.

iii. The <ds:DigestMethod> element is set to the value of <ds:DigestMethod> in <DocumentHash>

iv. The <ds:DigestValue> element is set to the value of <ds:DigestValue> in <DocumentHash>.

v. The <ds:Transforms> element is set to the sequence of transforms indicated by the client in the <ds:Transforms> element within <DocumentHash>, if any such transforms are indicated by the client. This sequence MUST describe the effective transform as a reproducible procedure from parsing until hash.

3.4 Basic Processing for CMS Signatures

A DSS server that produces CMS signatures [RFC 3852]SHOULD perform the following steps, upon receiving a <SignRequest>. These steps may be changed or overridden by the optional inputs, or by the profile or policy the server is operating under. With regard to the compatibility issues in validation / integration of PKCS#7 signatures and CMS implementations please refer to [RFC 3852] section 1.1.1 "Changes Since PKCS #7 Version 1.5".

The <SignRequest> MUST contain either a single <Document> not having RefURI, RefType set or a single <DocumentHash> not having RefURI, RefType, <ds:Transforms> set:

1. If a <Document> is present, the server hashes its contents as follows:

a. If the <Document> contains <Base64XML>, the server extracts the ancestry context free text content of the <Base64XML> as an octet stream by base64 decoding it's contents.

b. If the <Document> contains <InlineXML>, the server extracts the ancestry context free text content of the <InlineXML> as an octet stream as explained in (section 3.3.2 1.a ). This octet stream has to be returned as <TransformedDocument>/ <Base64XML>. For CMS signatures this only has to be returned in the case of CMS signatures that are external/detached/"without eContent", as these return the signed Data anyway.

c. If the <Document> contains <EscapedXML>, the server unescapes the content of the <EscapedXML> as a character stream and converts the character stream to an octet stream using an encoding as explained in (section 3.3.3).

d. If the <Document> contains <Base64Data>, the server base64-decodes the text content of the <Base64Data> into an octet stream.

e. The server hashes the resultant octet stream.

2. The server forms a SignerInfo structure based on the input document. The components of the SignerInfo are set as follows:

a. The digestAlgorithm field is set to the OID value for the hash method that was used in step 1.c (for a <Document>), or to the OID value that is equivalent to the input document's <ds:DigestMethod> (for a <DocumentHash>).

b. The signedAttributes field's message-digest attribute contains the hash value that was calculated in step 1.e (for a <Document>), or that was sent in the input document's <ds:DigestValue> (for a <DocumentHash>). Other signedAttributes may be added by the server, according to its profile or policy, or according to the <Properties> optional input (see section 3.5.5).

c. The remaining fields (sid, signatureAlgorithm, and signature) are filled in as per a normal CMS signature.

3. The server creates a CMS signature (i.e. a SignedData structure) containing the SignerInfo that was created in Step 2. The resulting SignedData should be detached (i.e. external or "without eContent") unless the client sends the <IncludeEContent> optional input (see section 3.5.9).

3.4.1 Process Variant for <DocumentHash>

In the case of a <DocumentHash> the processing by the server is as follows:

1. Omitted.

a. Omitted.

b. Omitted.

c. Omitted.

d. Omitted.

e. Omitted.

2. Same as in 3.4 step 2

a. Unchanged.

b. Unchanged.

c. Unchanged.

3. As in 3.4 step 3, with the requirement that the signature has to be external/detached/"without eContent", since <DocumentHash> is incompatible with optional input <IncludeEContent> (see 3.5.7).

3.5 Optional Inputs and Outputs

This section defines some optional inputs and outputs that profiles of the DSS signing protocol might find useful. Section 2.8 defines some common optional inputs that can also be used with the signing protocol. Profiles of the signing protocol can define their own optional inputs and outputs, as well. General handling of optional inputs and outputs is discussed in section 2.7.

3.5.1 Optional Input <SignatureType>

The <SignatureType> element indicates the type of signature or timestamp to produce (such as a XML signature, a XML timestamp, a RFC 3161 timestamp, a CMS signature, etc.). See section 7.1 for some URI references that MAY be used as the value of this element.

<xs:element name="SignatureType" type="xs:anyURI"/>

3.5.2 Optional Input <AddTimestamp>

The <AddTimestamp> element indicates that the client wishes the server to embed a timestamp token as a property or attribute of the resultant or the supplied signature. The timestamp token will be applied to the signature value in the case of CMS/PKCS7 signatures or the <ds:SignatureValue> element in the case of XML signatures.

Note: Procedures for handling other forms of timestamp may be defined in profiles of the Core. In particular, the DSS AdES profile [DSS-AdES-P] defines procedures for generating timestamps over the content which is about to be signed (sometimes called content timestamps), and the DSS Timestamp profile [DSS-TS-P] defines procedures for handling standalone timestamps.

The schema definition of this optional input is as follows:

<xs:element name="AddTimestamp" type="dss:UpdateSignatureInstructionType"/>

<xs:complexType name="TimeSignatureInstructionType">

<xs:complexContent>

<xs:extension base="dss:UpdateSignatureInstructionType">

<xs:attribute name="TimeStampTheGivenSignature" type="xs:boolean"
use="optional" default="false"/>

</xs:extension>

</xs:complexContent>

</xs:complexType>

The type UpdateSignatureInstructionType is defined as follows:

<xs:complexType name="UpdateSignatureInstructionType">

<xs:attribute name="Type" type="xs:anyURI" use="optional"/>

</xs:complexType>

The Type attribute, if present, indicates what type of timestamp to apply. Profiles that use this optional input MUST define the allowed values, and the default value, for the Type attribute (unless only a single type of timestamp is supported, in which case the Type attribute can be omitted).

Two scenarios for the timestamping of both CMS and XML signatures are supported by this Optional Input. They are as follows:

a) Create and embed a timestamp token into the signature being created as part of this SignRequest.

b) Create and embed a timestamp token into an existing signature, without verification, which is passed in the <InputDocuments> element of this SignRequest.

The following subsections specify the use of RFC 3161 timestamps with CMS signatures and the use of XML Timestamps or RFC 3161 timestamps with XML Signature. These subsections address both scenarios.

3.5.2.1 Processing for CMS signatures time-stamping

In both scenarios, the timestamp token created by the server SHALL be created according to [RFC 3161]. The MessageImprint field within the TstInfo structure of the timestamp token will be derived from the signature value of the just-created or incoming signature depending on the scenario. The timestamp SHALL be embedded in the CMS signature as an unsigned attribute with the object identifier (see Appendix A of [RFC 3161]):

{ iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs-9(9) smime(16) id-aa(2) 14}

The signature and its embedded timestamp is returned in the <SignatureObject> of the <SignResponse>.

In scenario b) the incoming signature is passed in a <Base64Data> element, with the MimeType attribute set to application/pkcs7-signature.

The Type attribute of the <AddTimestamp> optional input SHALL be set to:

"urn:ietf:rfc:3161".

Note: In scenario b) the server SHOULD not verify the signature before adding the timestamp. If a client wishes that its signatures be verified as a condition of time stamping, the client SHOULD use the <AddTimestamp> optional input of the Verify protocol.

3.5.2.2 Processing for XML Timestamps on XML signatures

If the type attribute in this optional input is
urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:core:schema:XMLTimeStampToken and signature being timestamped is an XML signature, then the XML signature MUST contain <dss:timestamp> as defined in 5.1, placed in a <xades:XMLTimestamp> within a
<xades:SignatureTimeStamp> as defined in [XAdES].

The <dss:timestamp> MUST contain <ds:Signature> with at least two <ds:Reference> elements:

- One with the Type attribute set to "urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:core:schema:XMLTimeStampToken". and referencing a <ds:Object> element whose content is a <TSTInfo> element.

- The other referencing the <ds:SignatureValue> being timestamped.

The present specification defines a format for XML timestamp tokens. In addition XAdES defines a mechanism for incorporating signature timestamps in XML signatures. The present document mandates that signature timestamps in XML format MUST follow the syntax defined in section 5.1 of this document. These time-stamp tokens MUST be added to XML signatures as specified by XAdES.

The signature and its embedded timestamp SHALL be returned in the <SignatureObject> of the <SignResponse>.

In scenario b) the incoming signature MUST be passed in on one of the following three elements <EscapedXML>, <InlineXML> or <Base64XML>.

The Type attribute of the <AddTimestamp> optional input SHALL be set to:
"urn: oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:core:schema:XMLTimeStampToken".

3.5.2.3 Processing for RFC 3161 Timestamps on XML signatures

If the type attribute in this optional input is urn:ietf:rfc:3161 and signature being timestamped is an XML signature then the XML signature MUST contain an RFC 3161, placed in a <xades:EncapsulatedTimeStamp> within a <xades:SignatureTimeStamp> as defined in [XAdES].

In scenario b) the incoming signature MUST be passed in on one of the following three elements <EscapedXML>, <InlineXML> or <Base64XML>.

3.5.3 Optional Input <IntendedAudience>

The <IntendedAudience> element tells the server who the target audience of this signature is. The server MAY use this to parameterize any aspect of its processing (for example, the server MAY choose to sign with a key that it knows a particular recipient trusts).

<xs:element name="IntendedAudience">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name="Recipient" type="saml:NameIdentifierType"

maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

3.5.4 Optional Input <KeySelector>

The <KeySelector> element tells the server which key to use.

<xs:element name="KeySelector">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:choice>

<xs:element ref="ds:KeyInfo"/>

<xs:elementname="Other"type="dss:AnyType"/>

</xs:choice>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

3.5.5 Optional Input <Properties>

The <Properties> element is used to request that the server add certain signed or unsigned properties (aka "signature attributes") into the signature. The client can send the server a particular value to use for each property, or leave the value up to the server to determine. The server can add additional properties, even if these aren't requested by the client.

The <Properties> element contains:

<SignedProperties> [Optional]

These properties will be covered by the signature.

<UnsignedProperties> [Optional]

These properties will not be covered by the signature.

Each <Property> element contains:

<Identifier> [Required]

A URI reference identifying the property.

<Value> [Optional]

If present, the value the server should use for the property.

This specification does not define any properties. Profiles that make use of this element MUST define the allowed property URIs and their allowed values.

<xs:element name="Properties">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name="SignedProperties"

type="dss:PropertiesType" minOccurs="0"/>

<xs:element name="UnsignedProperties"

type="dss: PropertiesType" minOccurs="0"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

<xs:complexType name="PropertiesType">

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element ref="dss:Property" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

<xs:element name="Property">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name="Identifier" type="xs:anyURI"/>

<xs:element name="Value" type="dss:AnyType"

minOccurs="0"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

3.5.6 Optional Input <IncludeObject>

Optional input <IncludeObject> is used to request the creation of an XMLSig enveloping signature as follows. Multiple occurrences of this optional input can be present in a single <SignRequest> message. Each occurrence will cause the inclusion of an object inside the signature being created.

The attributes of <IncludeObject> are:

WhichDocument [Required]

Identifies the input document which will be inserted into the returned signature (see the ID attribute in section 2.4.1).

hasObjectTagsAndAttributesSet

If True indicates that the <Document> contains a <ds:Object> element which has been prepared ready for direct inclusion in the <ds:Signature>.

ObjId [optional]

Sets the Id attribute on the returned <ds:Object>.

createReference

This attribute set to false inhibits the creation, carried by the Basic Processing specified in section 3.3.1, of the <ds:Reference> associated to the RefURI attribute of the input document referred by the WhichDocument attribute, effectively allowing clients to include <ds:Object> elements not covered/protected by the signature being created.

<xs:element name="IncludeObject">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:attribute name="WhichDocument" type="xs:IDREF"/>

<xs:attribute name="hasObjectTagsAndAttributesSet"
type="xs:boolean" default="false"/>

<xs:attribute name="ObjId" type="xs:string"
use="optional"/>

<xs:attribute name="createReference" type="xs:boolean"
use="optional" default="true"/>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

3.5.6.1 XML Signatures Variant Optional Input <IncludeObject>

An enveloping signature is a signature having <ds:Object>s which are referenced by <ds:Reference>s having a same-document URI.

For each <IncludeObject> the server creates a new <ds:Object> element containing the document, as identified using the WhichDocument attribute, as its child. This object is carried within the enveloping signature. The ordering of the <IncludeObject> optional inputs MAY be ignored by the server.

This <Document> MUST include a "same-document" RefURI attribute (having a value starting with "#") which references either:

· The whole newly-created <ds:Object>.

· The relevant parts of the newly-created <ds:Object>'s contents to be covered/protected by the signature (only applicable when the <Document>element contains either <Base64XML>, <InlineXML> or <EscapedXML>)

If the result of evaluating the expression included in the RefURI attribute doesn't fit in any of the options described above, the server MUST reject the request using a <ResultMajor> RequesterError which MAY be qualified by a <ResultMinor> urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:InvalidRefURI

Note :If the server does not support the ordering of <ds:Object>, it is recommended either to use ID-based referencing to the <ds:Object> (using the client-generated ID included in the ObjId attribute) or to rely on expressions based on <ds:Object>'s contents that allow to unambigously refer to the included object or their relevant parts.

The URI in the RefURI attribute of this <Document> should at least reference the relevant parts of the Object to be included in the calculation for the corresponding reference. Clients MUST generate requests in a way that some <ds:Reference>'s URI values actually will reference the <ds:Object> generated by the server once this element will have been included in the <ds:Signature> produced by the server.

1. For each <IncludeObject> the server MUST carry out the following steps before performing Basic Processing (as specified in section 3.3.1):

a. The server identifies the <Document> that is to be placed into a <ds:Object> as indicated by the WhichDocument attribute.

b. The data to be carried in the enveloping signature is extracted and decoded as described in 3.3.1 Step 1 a (or equivalent step in variants of the basic process as defined in 3.3.2 onwards depending of the form of the input document).

c. if the hasObjectTagsAndAttributesSet attribute is false or not present the server builds the <ds:Object> as follows:

i. The server generates the new <ds:Object> and sets its Id attribute to the value indicated in ObjId attribute of the optional input if present.

ii. In the case of the Document pointed at by WhichDocument having Base64Data, <ds:Object>('s) MIME Type is to be set to the value of <dss:Base64Data>('s) MIME Type value and the Encoding is to be set to http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#base64Binary

d. The server splices the to-be-enveloped documents as <ds:Object>(s) into the <ds:Signature>, which is to be returned.

e. If CreateReference is set to true generate a ds:Reference element referencing the spliced <ds:Object> and exclude this <Document> from the set of <Document>s ready for further processing. Otherwise just exclude this <Document> from the set of <Document>s ready for further processing.

2. The server then continues with processing as specified in section 3.3.1 for the rest of the documents.

3.5.7 Optional Input <IncludeEContent>

In the case of the optional input <IncludeEContent> (that stands for include enveloped or encapsulated content) section 3.4 step 3 is overridden as follows.

3. The server creates a CMS signature (i.e. a SignedData structure) containing the SignerInfo that was created in Step 3. The resulting SignedData is now internal, as the document is enveloped in the signature.

For CMS details in this context please refer to [RFC 3852] sections 5.1 "SignedData Type" and 5.2 "EncapsulatedContentInfo Type".

3.5.8 Enveloped Signatures, Optional Input <SignaturePlacement> and Output <DocumentWithSignature>

Optional input <SignaturePlacement> is used to request the creation of an XMLSig enveloped signature placed within an input document. The resulting document with the enveloped signature is placed in the optional output <DocumentWithSignature>.

The server places the signature in the document identified using the WhichDocument attribute.

In the case of a non-XML input document then the server will return an error unless alternative procedures are defined by a profile or in the server policy for handling such a situation.

The <SignaturePlacement> element contains the following attributes and elements:

WhichDocument [Required]

Identifies the input document which the signature will be inserted into (see the ID attribute in section 2.4.1).

CreateEnvelopedSignature

If this is set to true a reference having an enveloped signature transform is created.

<XpathAfter> [Optional]

Identifies an element, inside the XML input document, after which the signature will be inserted. (The rules for XPath evaluation are those stated in section 2.5 SignatureObject)

<XpathFirstChildOf> [Optional]

Identifies an element, in the XML input document, which the signature will be inserted as the first child of. For details on the evaluation of The XPath expression see above (<XpathAfter>). The signature is placed immediately after the start tag of the specified element.

<xs:element name="SignaturePlacement">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:choice>

<xs:element name="XPathAfter" type="xs:string"/>

<xs:element name="XPathFirstChildOf"
type="xs:string"/>

</xs:choice>

<xs:attribute name="WhichDocument" type="xs:IDREF"/>

<xs:attribute name="CreateEnvelopedSignature"
type="xs:boolean" default="true"/>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

The <DocumentWithSignature> optional output contains the input document with the signature inserted. It has one child element:

<Document> [Required]

This contains the input document with a signature inserted in some fashion.

<xs:element name="DocumentWithSignature">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element ref="dss:Document"/>

<xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

For an XMLSig enveloped signature the client produces a request including elements set as follows:

1. The WhichDocument attribute is set to identify the <Document>to envelope the signature.

2. The RefURI attribute MUST be set to include a "same-document" URI which references either:
- The whole <Document> containing the signature (by using a RefURI="")
- The relevant parts of the <Document> to be covered/protected by the signature (by using a "same-document" RefURI attribute having a value starting with "#", like RefURI="#some-id", RefURI="#xpointer(/)", RefURI="#xpointer(/DocumentElement/ToBeSignedElement)" or the like).
If the result of evaluating the expression included in the RefURI attribute doesn't fit in any of the options described above, the server MUST reject the request using a <ResultMajor> RequesterError which MAY be qualified by a <ResultMinor> urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:InvalidRefURI.

3. The createEnvelopedSignature is set to true (or simply omitted).

If the <SignaturePlacement> element is present the server processes it as follows before performing Basic Processing (as specified in section 3.3.1):

1. The server identifies the <Document> in which the signature is to be enveloped as indicated by the WhichDocument attribute.

2. This document is extracted and decoded as described in 3.3.1 Step 1.a (or equivalent step in variants of the basic process as defined in 3.3.2 onwards depending of the form of the input document).

3. The server splices the <ds:Signature> to-be-enveloped into the document.

4. If createEnvelopedSignature equals true,
a. Perform Basic Processing for the enveloping <Document>, as described in section 3.3.1 with the following amendments:

a. Omitted

b. As in 3.3.1 1.b, with the additional requirement of adding an EnvelopedSignatureTransform as the first transform in the <ds:Transforms> list (even preceding transforms used for extraction).
Note: This is necessary because the EnvelopedSignatureTransform would not work if there was a Canonicalization before it. Similar problems apply to transforms using the here() function. If such are to be supported, the use of Base64XML or EscapedXML MAY be required.

c. Unchanged

d. Unchanged

i. Unchanged

ii. Unchanged

iii. Unchanged

iv. Unchanged

v. Unchanged (Note: the requirement imposed in 1.b of having the EnvelopedSignatureTransform as the first transform in the <ds:Transforms> list MUST be observed).

2. Omitted

3. Omitted

b. After creating the <ds:Reference> due to the modified Basic Processing, make it available for the Basic Processing, as required in 3.3.1 Step 2.

5. Add the returned <ds:Reference> as required in 3.3.1 Step 2 of Basic processing.

3.5.9 Optional Input <SignedReferences>

The <SignedReferences> element gives the client greater control over how the <ds:Reference> elements are formed. When this element is present, step 1 of Basic Processing (section 3.3.1) is overridden. Instead of there being a one-to-one correspondence between input documents and <ds:Reference> elements, now each <SignedReference> element controls the creation of a corresponding <ds:Reference>.

Since each <SignedReference> refers to an input document, this allows multiple <ds:Reference> elements to be based on a single input document. Furthermore, the client can request additional transforms to be applied to each <ds:Reference>, and can set each <ds:Reference> element's Id or URI attribute. These aspects of the <ds:Reference> can only be set through the <SignedReferences> optional input; they cannot be set through the input documents, since they are aspects of the reference to the input document, not the input document itself.

Each <SignedReference> element contains:

WhichDocument [Required]

Which input document this reference refers to (see the ID attribute in section 2.4.1).

RefId [Optional]

Sets the Id attribute of the corresponding <ds:Reference>.

RefURI [Optional]

If this attribute is present, the corresponding <ds:Reference> element's URI attribute is set to its value. If it is not present, the URI attribute is omitted in the corresponding <ds:Reference>

RefType [Optional]

overrides the RefType of <dss:Document>

<ds:Transforms> [Optional]

Requests the server to perform additional transforms on this reference.

When the <SignedReferences> optional input is present, basic processing 3.3.1 step 1 is performed for each <SignedReference> overriding steps a., b., c. and d.:

If the <SignaturePlacement> element is present the server processes it as follows:

For each <SignedReference> in <SignedReferences>

1. The server identifies the <Document> referenced as indicated by the WhichDocument attribute.

2. If RefURI is present create an additional <ds:Reference> for the document in question by performing basic processing as in section 3.3.1 Step 1 amended as follows:

a. Unchanged.

b. Applies the transforms indicated in <ds:Transforms>. Afterwards, the server may apply any other transform it considers appropriate as per its policy and then generates a canonicalized octet string as required in step b. of basic Processing before hashing.

c. Unchanged.

d. The server forms a <ds:Reference> with the elements and attributes set as follows:

i. Use this RefURI attribute from the <SignedReference> if presentinstead of RefURI from <dss:Document>in step i. of Basic Processing.
The Id attribute is set to the <SignedReference> element's RefId attribute. If the <SignedReference> has no RefId attribute, the <ds:Reference> element's Id attribute is omitted.

ii. Unchanged.

iii. Unchanged.

iv. Unchanged.

v. The <ds:Transforms> used here will have to be added to <ds:Transforms>of step v. of basic processing so that this element describes the sequence of transforms applied by the server and describing the effective transform as a reproducible procedure from parsing until hash.

2. Add the returned <ds:Reference> as required in 3.3.1 Step 2 of Basic processing.

3. If RefURI is not present perform basic processing for the input document not creating an additional <ds:Reference> amending Step 1 as follows:

a. Unchanged.

b. Applies the transforms indicated in <ds:Transforms>. Afterwards, the server may apply any other transform it considers as appropriate as per its policy and then generates generating a canonicalized octet string as required in step b. of basic Processing before hashing.

c. Unchanged.

d. The server forms a <ds:Reference> with the elements and attributes set as follows:

i. Perform step i. of Basic Processing and the Id attribute is set to the <SignedReference> element's RefIdattribute. If the <SignedReference> has no RefIdattribute, the <ds:Reference> element's Idattribute is omitted.

ii. Unchanged

iii. Unchanged

iv. Unchanged

v. The <ds:Transforms> used here will have to be added to <ds:Transforms> of step v. of basic processing so that this element describes the sequence of transforms applied by the server and describing the effective transform as a reproducible procedure from parsing until hash.

4. The server continues with processing as specified in section 3.3.1 for the rest of the documents.

<xs:element name="SignedReferences">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element ref="dss:SignedReference"

maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

<xs:element name="SignedReference">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element ref="ds:Transforms" minOccurs="0"/>

</xs:sequence>

<xs:attribute name="WhichDocument" type="xs:IDREF" use="required"/>

<xs:attribute name="RefURI" type="xs:anyURI" use="optional"/>

<xs:attribute name="RefId" type="xs:string" use="optional"/>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

4 The DSS Verifying Protocol

4.1 Element <VerifyRequest>

The <VerifyRequest> inherits from <RequestBaseType>. This element is sent by the client to verify a signature or timestamp on some input documents. It contains the following additional elements:

<SignatureObject> [Optional]

This element contains a signature or timestamp, or else contains a <SignaturePtr> that points to an XML signature in one of the input documents. If this element is omitted, there must be only a single <InputDocument> which the server will search to find the to-be-verified signature(s). Either a <SignaturePtr> or a single <InputDocument> and no <SignatureObject> MUST be used whenever the to-be-verified signature is an XML signature which uses an Enveloped Signature Transform; otherwise the server would have difficulty locating the signature and applying the Enveloped Signature Transform.

<xs:element name="VerifyRequest">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:complexContent>

<xs:extension base="dss:RequestBaseType">

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element ref="dss:SignatureObject" minOccurs="0"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:extension>

</xs:complexContent>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

4.2 Element <VerifyResponse>

The <VerifyResponse> inherits from <ResponseBaseType>. This element defines no additional attributes and elements.

<xs:element name="VerifyResponse" type="dss:ResponseBaseType" />

4.3 Basic Processing for XML Signatures

A DSS server that verifies XML signatures SHOULD perform the following steps, upon receiving a <VerifyRequest>. These steps may be changed or overridden by the optional inputs, or by the profile or policy the server is operating under. For more details on multi-signature verification, see section 4.3.1.

1. The server retrieves one or more <ds:Signature> objects, as follows: If the <SignatureObject> is present, the server retrieves either the <ds:Signature> that is a child element of the <SignatureObject> (see: Note at the end of this section), or those <ds:Signature> objects which are pointed to by the <SignaturePtr> in the <SignatureObject>.

a. If the <SignaturePtr> points to an input document but not a specific element in that document, the pointed-to input document must be a <Document> element containing XML either in an <Base64XML>,<EscapedXML> or <InlineXML> element.
If the document is inside <Base64XML> or <EscapedXML> it is decoded and parsed as described in 3.3.1 Step 1.a or 3.3.3 Step 1a respectively.
If the document is inside <InlineXML> the document is extracted using exclusive canonicalization. The <ds:Reference> corresponding to the document MUST have a chain of transforms (at least one ds:Transform inside ds:Transforms) that anticipates and reflects this. If this is not the case the server MUST throw an Error (urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:inappropriate:signature).
Note: Otherwise false negatives due to namespace conflicts may appear.

b. If the <SignatureObject> is omitted, there MUST be only a single <Document> element. This case is handled as if a <SignaturePtr> pointing to the single <Document> was present: the server will search and find every <ds:Signature> element in this input document, and verify each <ds:Signature> according to the steps below.

2. For each <ds:Reference> in the <ds:Signature>, the server finds the input document with matching RefURI and RefType values (omitted attributes match omitted attributes). If the <ds:Reference> uses a same-document URI, the XPointer should be evaluated against the input document the <ds:Signature> is contained within, or against the <ds:Signature> itself if it is contained within the <SignatureObject> element. The <SchemaRef> element or optional input <Schema> of the input document or <SignatureObject> will be used, if present, to identify ID attributes when evaluating the XPointer expression. If the <ds:Reference> uses an external URI and the corresponding input document is not present, the server will skip the <ds:Reference>, and later return a result code such as ReferencedDocumentNotPresent to indicate this. The RefURI MAY be omitted in at most one of the set of Input documents.

a. If the input document is a <Document>, the server extracts and decodes as described in 3.3.1 Step 1.a (or equivalent step in variants of the basic process as defined in 3.3.2 onwards depending of the form of the input document).

b. If the input document is a <TransformedData>, the server MAY check that the <ds:Transforms>(if supplied) match between the <TransformedData> and the <ds:Reference> and then hashes the resultant data object according to <ds:DigestMethod>, and MUST check that the result matches <ds:DigestValue>.

c. If the input document is a <DocumentHash>, the server MAY check that the <ds:Transforms>, <ds:DigestMethod> (if supplied) and <ds:DigestValue> elements match between the <DocumentHash> and the <ds:Reference>.

d. If the combination of RefURI and RefType matches more than one input document all of them MUST be either a <TransformedData> or a <DocumentHash> otherwise a RequesterError is issued qualified by result minor of ReferencedDocumentNotPresent.
Only one of them is allowed to have a WhichReference value that matches the order of the <ds:Reference> within the <ds:SignedInfo> in question otherwise a RequesterError is issued qualified by result minor of ReferencedDocumentNotPresent. Using this input document either variant b. or c. is applied respectively before continuing with step 3.

3. The server shall verify the validity of the signature at a particular time (i.e. current time, assumed signing time or other time), depending on the server policy. This behaviour MAY be altered by using the optional input <UseVerificationTime> (see section 4.5.2).

4. If the signature validates correctly, the server returns one of the first three <ResultMinor> codes listed in section 4.4, depending on the relationship of the signature to the input documents (not including the relationship of the signature to those XML elements that were resolved through XPointer evaluation; the client will have to inspect those relationships manually). If the signature fails to validate correctly, the server returns some other code; either one defined in section 4.4 of this specification, or one defined by some profile of this specification.

Note: The extraction of the <ds:Signature> from the <SignatureObject> should be performed without namespace inheritance. If the signature <ds:Signature> does not use exclusive canonicalization for it's <ds:CanonicalizationMethod> there can appear problems caused by namespace declarations moved by gateways or protocol processors of outer protocol bindings that alter the signature object and cause false negatives on validation. Problems appearing due to different behavior of xml parsers in schema validating parsing vs. non-validating parsing like data type normalizations would have to be healed by canonicalization only as no transforms are available for ds:SignedInfo. As currently available specifications of canonicalization are not aware of schema data types a solution to heal these defects is currently not possible. Beware, these problems can already occur on parsing the whole request including protocol bindings like SOAP. Implementors are encouraged to make use of <dss:Base64XML> or <dss: EscapedXML> instead.

4.3.1 Multi-Signature Verification

If a client requests verification of an entire input document, either using a <SignaturePtr> without an <XPath> or a missing <SignaturePtr> (see section 4.3 step 1), then the server MUST determine whether the input document contains zero, one, or more than one <ds:Signature> elements. If zero, the server should return a <ResultMajor> code of RequesterError.

If more than one <ds:Signature> elements are present, the server MUST either reject the request with a <ResultMajor> code of RequesterError and a <ResultMinor> code of NotSupported, or accept the request and try to verify all of the signatures.

If the server accepts the request in the multi-signature case (or if only a single signature is present) and one of the signatures fails to verify, the server should return one of the error codes in section 4.4, reflecting the first error encountered.

If all of the signatures verify correctly, the server should return the Success <ResultMajor> code and the following <ResultMinor> code:

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:ValidMultiSignatures

Note: These procedures only define procedures for handling of multiple signatures on one input document. The procedures for handling multiple signatures on multiple documents are not defined in this core specification, but however such procedures, along with any optional elements that may be required, may be defined in profiles of this specification.

Only certain optional inputs and outputs are allowed when performing multi-signature verification. See section 4.6 for details.

4.3.2 Signature Timestamp verification procedure

The following sub-sections will describe the processing rules for verifying:

- RFC 3161 timestamp tokens on CMS Signatures

- XML timestamp tokens on XML Signatures

- RFC 3161 timestamp tokens on XML Signatures

This section describes signature timestamp processing when the timestamp is embedded in the incoming signature.

Note: procedures for handling other forms of timestamp may be defined in profiles of the Core. In particular, the DSS AdES profile [DSS-AdES-P] defines procedures for handling timestamps against the document being signed, and the DSS Timestamp profile defines procedures for handling standalone timestamps.

For a definition of the <Timestamp> element see section 5.1 Details of the XML timestamp token can be found in subsection 5.1.1.

4.3.2.1 Processing for RFC 3161 Timestamp tokens on CMS Signatures.

The present section describes the processing rules for verifying a CMS RFC3161 timestamp token passed in on a Verify call within the <SignatureObject> of the <VerifyRequest> element. In the CMS case, since the "signature timestamp" is embedded in the signature as an unsigned attribute, only the time stamped signature is required for verification processing. As such, no additional input is required.

The processing by the server is broken down into the following steps:

1. The signature timestamp is embedded in the incoming signature as an unsigned attribute whose object identifier is 1.2.840.11359.1.9.16.2.14. Extract and verify the timestamp token.

2. Verify that the token's public verification certificate is authorized for time stamping by examining the Extended Key Usage field for the presence of the time stamping OID "1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.8".

3. Validate that the TstInfo structure has a valid layout as defined in [RFC 3161].

4. Extract the MessageImprint hash value and associated algorithm from the TstInfo structure which will be compared against the hash value derived in the next step.

5. Recalculate the hash of the signature value field of the signature in which the timestamp is embedded.

6. Compare the hash values from the two previous steps, and if they are equivalent, then this timestamp is valid for the signature that was time stamped.

7. Verify that the public verification certificate conforms to all relevant aspects of the relying-party's policy including algorithm usage, policy OIDs, time accuracy tolerances, and the Nonce value.

8. Set the dss:Result element as defined in this specification. Minor Error
urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:valid:signature:InvalidSignatureTimestamp MAY be used to indicate that the signature is valid but the timestamp against that signature is invalid.

4.3.2.2 Processing for XML timestamp tokens on XML signatures

The present section describes the processing rules for verifying and XML Signature timestamp token embedded within an XML signature using the incorporation mechanisms specified in XAdES (i.e., in the <xades:XMLTimeStamp> <xades:SignatureTimeStamp> element's child). This XML signature may be passed in on a Verify call within the <SignatureObject> or embedded within a <Document>'s child.

The server shall verify the timestamp token performing the steps detailed below. If any one of them results in failure, then the timestamp token SHOULD be rejected.

9. Extract the timestamp token embedded in the incoming signature as defined in 3.5.2.2.

10. Verify that the verification key and algorithms used conforms to all relevant aspects of the applicable policy. Should this key come within a public certificate, verify that the certificate conforms to all relevant aspects of the applicable policy including algorithm usage, policy OIDs, and time accuracy tolerances.

11. Verify that the aforementioned verification key is consistent with the ds:SignedInfo/SignatureMethod/@Algorithm attribute value.

12. Verify the timestamp token signature in accordance with the rules defined in [XMLDSIG].

13. Verify that the <ds:SignedInfo> element contains at least two <ds:Reference> elements.

14. Verify that one of the <ds:Reference> elements has its Type attribute set to "urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:core:schema:XMLTimeStampToken". Take this one and proceed as indicated below:

a. Retrieve the referenced data object. Verify that it references a <ds:Object> element, which in turn envelopes a <TSTInfo> element.

b. Verify that the <TSTInfo> element has a valid layout as per the present specification.

c. Extract the digest value and associated algorithm from its <ds:DigestValue> and <ds:DigestMethod> elements respectively.

d. Recalculate the digest of the retrieved data object as specified by [XMLDSIG] with the digest algorithm indicated in <ds:DigestMethod>, and compare this result with the contents of <ds:DigestValue>.

15. Take each of the other <ds:Reference> elements and for each validate the hash as specified in [XMLDSIG].

16. Check that for one of the <ds:Reference> elements the retrieved data object is actually the <ds:SignatureValue> element and that it contains its digest after canonicalization.

17. Set the <dss:Result> element as appropriate. Minor Error
urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:valid:signature:InvalidSignatureTimestamp MAY be used to indicate that the signature is valid but the timestamp against that signature is invalid.

4.3.2.3 Processing for RFC 3161 timestamp tokens on XML Signatures

The present section describes the processing rules for verifying an RFC 3161 timestamp token embedded within an XML signature as an unsigned property. This XML signature may be passed in on a Verify call within the <SignatureObject> or embedded within a <Document>'s child.

The server shall verify the timestamp token performing the steps detailed below. If any one of them results in failure, then the timestamp token SHOULD be rejected.

1. Extract the timestamp token embedded in the incoming signature as defined in 3.5.2.3.

2. Verify that the token's public verification certificate is authorized for time stamping by examining the Extended Key Usage field for the presence of the time stamping OID "1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.8".

3. Process the signature timestamp as defined in [XAdES] Annex G.2.2.16.1.3.

4. Verify that the public verification certificate conforms to all relevant aspects of the relying-party's policy including algorithm usage, policy OIDs, time accuracy tolerances, and the Nonce value.

5. Set the dss:Result element as appropriate.
urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:valid:signature:InvalidSignatureTimestamp MAY be used to indicate that the signature is valid but the timestamp against that signature is invalid.

4.4 Basic Processing for CMS Signatures

A DSS server that verifies CMS signatures SHOULD perform the following steps, upon receiving a <VerifyRequest>. These steps may be changed or overridden by the optional inputs, or by the profile or policy the server is operating under.

1. The server retrieves the CMS signature by decoding the <Base64Signature> child of <SignatureObject>.

2. The server retrieves the input data. If the CMS signature is detached, there must be a single input document: i.e. a single <Document> or <DocumentHash> element. Otherwise, if the CMS signature is enveloping, it contains its own input data and there MUST NOT be any input documents present.

3. The CMS signature and input data are verified in the conventional way (see [RFC 3852] for details).

4. If the signature validates correctly, the server returns the first <ResultMinor> code listed in section 4.4. If the signature fails to validate correctly, the server returns some other code; either one defined in section 4.4 of this specification, or one defined by some profile of this specification.

4.5 Optional Inputs and Outputs

This section defines some optional inputs and outputs that profiles of the DSS verifying protocol might find useful. Section 2.8 defines some common optional inputs that can also be used with the verifying protocol. Profiles of the verifying protocol can define their own optional inputs and outputs, as well. General handling of optional inputs and outputs is discussed in section 2.7.

4.5.1 Optional Input <VerifyManifests> and Output <VerifyManifestResults>

The presence of this element instructs the server to validate manifests in an XML signature.

On encountering such a document in step 2 of basic processing, the server shall repeat step 2 for all the <ds:Reference> elements within the manifest. In accordance with [XMLDSIG] section 5.1, DSS Manifest validation does not affect a signature's core validation. The results of verifying individual <ds:Reference>'s within a <ds:Manifest> are returned in the <dss:VerifyManifestResults> optional output.
For example, a client supplies the optional input <VerifyManifests>, then the returned <ResultMinor> is urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:resultminor:valid:hasManifestResults if XMLSig core validation succeeds and the optional output <VerifyManifestResults> is returned indicating the status of the manifest reference verification. In case of a negative XMLSig core validation no attempt is made to verify manifests.

The <VerifyManifests> optional input is allowed in multi-signature verification. The <VerifyManifestResults> is comprised of one or more <ManifestResult>s that contain the following:

<ReferenceXpath> [Required]

Identifies the manifest reference, in the XML signature, to which this result pertains.

<Status> [Required]

Indicates the manifest validation result. It takes one of the values urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:manifeststatus:Valid or urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:manifeststatus:Invalid.

<xs:element name="VerifyManifestResults" type="dss:VerifyManifestResultsType"/>

<xs:complexType name="VerifyManifestResultsType">

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element ref="dss:ManifestResult" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

<xs:element name="ManifestResult">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name="ReferenceXpath" type="xs:string"/>

<xs:element name="Status" type="xs:anyURI"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

4.5.2 Optional Input <UseVerificationTime>

This element instructs the server to attempt to determine the signature's validity at the specified time, instead of a time determined by the server policy.

Note: In order to perform the verification of the signature at a certain time, the server MUST obtain the information necessary to carry out this verification (e.g. CA certificates, CRLs) applicable at that time.

<CurrentTime> [Optional]

Instructs the server to use its current time (normally the time associated with the server-side request processing).

<SpecificTime> [Optional]

Allows the client to manage manually the time instant used in the verification process. It SHOULD be expressed as UTC time (Coordinated Universal Time) to reduce confusion with the local time zone use.

Profiles MAY define new child elements associated to other different behaviors.

<xs:element name="UseVerificationTime"/>

<xs:complexType name="UseVerificationTimeType">

<xs:choice>

<xs:element name="CurrentTime"/>

<xs:element name="SpecificTime" type="xs:dateTime"/>

<xs:any namespace="##other"/>

</xs:choice>

</xs:complexType>

If the verification time is a significant period in the past the server MAY need to take specific steps for this, and MAY need to ensure that any cryptographic weaknesses over the period do not affect the validation.

This optional input is allowed in multi-signature verification.

4.5.3 Optional Input/Output <ReturnVerificationTimeInfo> / <VerificationTimeInfo>

This element allows the client to obtain the time instant used by the server to validate the signature.

<xs:element name="ReturnVerificationTimeInfo"/>

Optionally, in addition to the verification time, the server MAY include in the <VerificationTimeInfo> response any other relevant time instants that may have been used when determining the verification time or that may be useful for its qualification.

<VerificationTime> [Required]

The time instant used by the server when verifying the signature. It SHOULD be expressed as UTC time (Coordinated Universal Time) to reduce confusion with the local time zone use.

<AdditionalTimeInfo> [Optional]

Any other time instant(s) relevant in the context of the verification time determination.

The Type attribute qualifies the kind of time information included in the response. The Ref attribute allows to establish references to the source of the time information, and SHOULD be used when there is a need to disambiguate several <AdditionalTimeInfo> elements with the same Type attribute.

This specification defines the following base types, whose values MUST be of type xs:dateTime and SHOULD be expressed as UTC time (Coordinated Universal Time). Profiles MAY include and define new values for the Type attribute.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:additionaltimeinfo:signatureTimestamp

The time carried inside a timestamp applied over the signature value.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:additionaltimeinfo:signatureTimemark

The time instant associated to the signature stored in a secure record in the server.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:additionaltimeinfo:signedObjectTimestamp

The time carried inside a timestamp applied over a signed object.

Note that XML Signatures can be produced over multiple objects (via multiple ds:Reference elements), and therefore it's possible to have multiple timestamps, each one applied over each object. In this case, the Ref attribute MUST include the value of the Id attribute of the ds:Reference element.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:additionaltimeinfo:claimedSigningTime

The time claimed by the signer to be the signature creation time.

<xs:element name="AdditionalTimeInfo" type="dss:AdditionalTimeInfoType"/>

<xs:complexType name="AdditionalTimeInfoType">

<xs:simpleContent>

<xs:extension base="xs:dateTime">

<xs:attribute name="Type" type="xs:anyURI" use="required"/>

<xs:attribute name="Ref" type="xs:string" use="optional"/>

</xs:extension>

</xs:simpleContent>

</xs:complexType>

<xs:element name="VerificationTimeInfo"

type="dss:VerificationTimeInfoType"/>

<xs:complexType name="VerificationTimeInfoType">

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name="VerificationTime" type="xs:dateTime"/>

<xs:element ref="dss:AdditionalTimeInfo" minOccurs="0"

maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

In the case of multi-signature verification, it's a matter of server policy as to whether this element is supported.

This optional input is not allowed in multi-signature verification.

4.5.4 Optional Input <AdditionalKeyInfo>

This element provides the server with additional data (such as certificates and CRLs) which it can use to validate the signature.

This optional input is not allowed in multi-signature verification.

<xs:element name="AdditionalKeyInfo">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element ref="ds:KeyInfo"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

4.5.5 Optional Input <ReturnProcessingDetails> and Output <ProcessingDetails>

The presence of the <ReturnProcessingDetails> optional input instructs the server to return a <ProcessingDetails> output.

These options are not allowed in multi-signature verification.

<xs:element name="ReturnProcessingDetails"/>

The <ProcessingDetails> optional output elaborates on what signature verification steps succeeded or failed. It may contain the following child elements:

<ValidDetail> [Any Number]

A verification detail that was evaluated and found to be valid.

<IndeterminateDetail> [Any Number]

A verification detail that could not be evaluated or was evaluated and returned an indeterminate result.

<InvalidDetail> [Any Number]

A verification detail that was evaluated and found to be invalid.

<xs:element name="ProcessingDetails">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name="ValidDetail" type="dss:DetailType"

minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

<xs:element name="IndeterminateDetail"

type="dss:DetailType"

minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

<xs:element name="InvalidDetail" type="xs:dss:DetailType"

minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

Each detail element is of type dss:DetailType. A dss:DetailTypecontains the following child elements and attributes:

Type [Required]

A URI which identifies the detail. It may be a value defined by this specification, or a value defined by some other specification. For the values defined by this specification, see below.

Multiple detail elements of the same Type may appear in a single <ProcessingDetails>. For example, when a signature contains a certificate chain that certifies the signing key, there may be details of the same Type present for each certificate in the chain, describing how each certificate was processed.

<Code> [Optional]

A URI which more precisely specifies why this detail is valid, invalid, or indeterminate. It must be a value defined by some other specification, since this specification defines no values for this element.

<Message> [Optional]

A human-readable message which MAY be logged, used for debugging, etc.

<xs:complexType name="DetailType">

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name="Code" type="xs:anyURI" minOccurs="0"/>

<xs:element name="Message" type="dss:InternationalStringType"

minOccurs="0"/>

<xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"

maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

</xs:sequence>

<xs:attribute name="Type" type="xs:anyURI" use="required"/>

</xs:element>

The values for the Type attribute defined by this specification are the following:

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:detail:IssuerTrust

Whether the issuer of trust information for the signing key (or one of the certifying keys) is considered to be trustworthy.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:detail:RevocationStatus

Whether the trust information for the signing key (or one of the certifying keys) is revoked.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:detail:ValidityInterval

Whether the trust information for the signing key (or one of the certifying keys) is within its validity interval.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:detail:Signature

Whether the document signature (or one of the certifying signatures) verifies correctly.

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:detail:ManifestReference

Whether a manifest reference in the XML signature verified correctly.

4.5.6 Optional Input <ReturnSigningTimeInfo> and Output <SigningTimeInfo>

This element allows the client to obtain the time instant associated to the signature creation.

Note: The signing time may be derived, for example, from a claimed signing time signed signature attribute.

<xs:element name="ReturnSigningTimeInfo"/>

Sometimes, depending on the applicable server policy, this signing time needs to be qualified, in order to avoid unacceptable measurement errors or false claims, using time boundaries associated to trustworthy time values (based on timestamps or time-marks created using trusted time sources). In this case, the server MAY include these values in the <LowerBoundary> and <UpperBoundary> elements, respectively.

Criteria for determining when a time instant can be considered trustworthy and for determining the maximum acceptable delays between the signing time and their boundaries (if any) is outside the scope of this specification.

When there's no way for the server to determine the signing time, the server MUST omit the <SigningTimeInfo> output.

<SigningTime> [Required]

The time value considered by the server to be the signature creation time.

<SigningTimeBoundaries> [Optional]

The trusted time values considered as lower and upper limits for the signing time. If this element is present, at least one of the <LowerBoundary> and <UpperBoundary> elements MUST be present.

<xs:element name="SigningTimeInfo" type="dss:SigningTimeInfoType"/>

<xs:complexType name="SigningTimeInfoType">

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name="SigningTime" type="xs:dateTime"/>

<xs:element name="SigningTimeBoundaries" minOccurs="0">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name="LowerBoundary" minOccurs="0"

type="xs:dateTime"/>

<xs:element name="UpperBoundary" minOccurs="0"

type="xs:dateTime"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

This optional input is not allowed in multi-signature verification.

4.5.7 Optional Input <ReturnSignerIdentity> and Output <SignerIdentity>

The presence of the <ReturnSignerIdentity> optional input instructs the server to return a <SignerIdentity> output.

This optional input and output are not allowed in multi-signature verification.

<xs:element name="ReturnSignerIdentity"/>

The <SignerIdentity> optional output contains an indication of who performed the signature.

<xs:element name="SignerIdentity" type="saml:NameIdentifierType"/>

4.5.8 Optional Input <ReturnUpdatedSignature> and Outputs <DocumentWithSignature>, <UpdatedSignature>

The presence of the <ReturnUpdatedSignature> optional input instructs the server to return an <UpdatedSignature> output, containing a new or updated signature.

The Type attribute on <ReturnUpdatedSignature>, if present, defines exactly what it means to "update" a signature. For example, the updated signature may be the original signature with some additional unsigned signature properties added to it (such as timestamps, counter-signatures, or additional information for use in verification), or the updated signature could be an entirely new signature calculated on the same input documents as the input signature. Profiles that use this optional input MUST define the allowed values and their semantics, and the default value, for the Type attribute (unless only a single type of updated signature is supported, in which case the Type attribute can be omitted).

Multiple occurrences of this optional input can be present in a single verify request message. If multiple occurrences are present, each occurrence MUST have a different Type attribute. Each occurrence will generate a corresponding optional output. These optional outputs SHALL be distinguishable based on their Type attribute, which will match each output with an input.

<UpdatedSignature>/<SignatureObject> [Optional]

The resulting updated signature or timestamp or, in the case of a signature being enveloped in an output document, a pointer to the signature. This is used in steps 2. and 3. in the processing described below.These options are not allowed in multi-signature verification.

<xs:element name="ReturnUpdatedSignature">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:attribute name="Type" type="xs:anyURI" use="optional"/>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

The <UpdatedSignature> optional output contains the returned signature.

<xs:element name="UpdatedSignature" type="dss:UpdatedSignatureType"/>

The <UpdatedSignatureType> is as follows.

<xs:coplexType name="UpdatedSignatureType">

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element ref="dss:SignatureObject"/>

</xs:sequence>

<xs:attribute name="Type" type="xs:anyURI" use="optional"/>

</xs:complexType>

A DSS server SHOULD perform the following steps, upon receiving a <ReturnUpdatedSignature>. These steps may be changed or overridden by a profile or policy the server is operating under. (e.g For PDF documents enveloping cms signatures)

1. If the signature to be verified and updated appears within a <SignatureObject>'s <ds:Signature>(detached or enveloping) or <Base64Signature>then the <UpdatedSignature>optional ouput MUST contain the modified <SignatureObject>with the corresponding <ds:Signature>(detached or enveloping) or <Base64Signature>child containing the updated signature.

2. If the signature to be verified and updated is enveloped, and if the <VerifyRequest>contains a <SignatureObject>with a <SignaturePtr>pointing to an <InputDocument>(<Base64XML>, <InlineXML>, <EscapedXML>) enveloping the signature then the server MUST produce the following TWO optional outputs, first a <DocumentWithSignature>optional output containing the document that envelopes the updated signature, second an <UpdatedSignature>optional output containing a <SignatureObject>having a <SignaturePtr>element that MUST point to the former <DocumentWithSignature>.

3. If there is no <SignatureObject>at all in the request then the server MUST produce only a <DocumentWithSignature>optional output containing the document with the updated signature.
No <UpdatedSignature>element will be generated.

As <DocumentWithSignature> appears in steps 2. and 3. of the processing above it is explained here again:

The <DocumentWithSignature>optional output (for the schema refer to section 3.5.8) contains the input document with the given signature inserted.

It has one child element:

<Document>[Required]

This returns the given document with a signature inserted in some fashion.

The resulting document with the updated enveloped signature is placed in the optional output <DocumentWithSignature>. The server places the signature in the document identified using the <SignatureObject>/<SignaturePtr>'s WhichDocumentattribute.

This <Document>MUST include a same-documentRefURIattribute which references the data updated (e.g of the form RefURI).

4.5.9 Optional Input <ReturnTransformedDocument> and Output <TransformedDocument>

The <ReturnTransformedDocument> optional input instructs the server to return an input document to which the XML signature transforms specified by a particular <ds:Reference> have been applied. The <ds:Reference> is indicated by the zero-based WhichReference attribute (0 means the first <ds:Reference> in the signature, 1 means the second, and so on). Multiple occurrences of this optional input can be present in a single verify request message. Each occurrence will generate a corresponding optional output.

These options are not allowed in multi-signature verification.

<xs:element name="ReturnTransformedDocument">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:attribute name="WhichReference" type="xs:integer"

use="required"/>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

The <TransformedDocument> optional output contains a document corresponding to the specified <ds:Reference>, after all the transforms in the reference have been applied. In other words, the hash value of the returned document should equal the <ds:Reference> element's <ds:DigestValue>. To match outputs to inputs, each <TransformedDocument> will contain a WhichReference attribute which matches the corresponding optional input.

<xs:element name="TransformedDocument">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element ref="dss:Document">

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

<xs:attribute name="WhichReference" type="xs:integer"

use="required"/>

</xs:element>

4.5.10 Optional Input <ReturnTimestampedSignature> and Outputs <DocumentWithSignature>, <TimestampedSignature>

The <ReturnTimestampedSignature> element within a <VerifyRequest> message indicates that the client wishes the server to update the signature after its verification by embedding a signature timestamp token as an unauthenticated attribute (see "unauthAttrs" in section 9.1 [RFC 3852]) or *unsigned* property (see section 6.2.5 "The UnsignedSignatureProperties element" and section 7.3 "The SignatureTimeStamp element" [XAdES]) of the supplied signature.

The timestamp token will be on the signature value in the case of CMS/PKCS7signatures or the <ds:SignatureValue> element in the case of XML signatures.

The Type attribute, if present, indicates what type of timestamp to apply. This document defines two values for it, namely:

a. urn:ietf:rfc:3161 for generating a RFC 3161 timestamp token on the signature

b. urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:core:schema:XMLTimeStampToken, for generating a XML timestamp token as defined in section 5 of this document.

Profiles that use this optional input MUST define the allowed values, and the default value, for the Type attribute (unless only a single type of timestamp is supported, in which case the Type attribute can be omitted).

Below follows the schema definition for these elements.

<xs:element name="ReturnTimestampedSignature"
type="dss:UpdateSignatureInstructionType"/>

<xs:element name="TimestampedSignature" type="dss:UpdatedSignatureType"/>

<xs:element name="UpdatedSignature" type="dss:UpdatedSignatureType"/>

<xs:complexType name="UpdatedSignatureType">

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element ref="dss:SignatureObject"/>

</xs:sequence>

<xs:attribute name="Type" type="xs:anyURI" use="optional"/>

</xs:complexType>

A DSS server SHOULD perform the steps 1. - 3. as indicated in 4.5.8 upon receiving a <ReturnTimeStampedSignature> replacing <UpdatedSignature> by
<TimestampedSignature>.

Procedures for handling RFC 3161 and XML timestamps are as defined in 3.5.2.3 and 3.5.2.2.

Note: Procedures for handling other forms of timestamp may be defined in profiles of the Core. In particular, the DSS XAdES profile [DSS-XAdES-P] defines procedures for handling timestamps against the document being signed, and the DSS Timestamp profile [DSS-TS-P] defines procedures for handling standalone timestamps.

5 DSS Core Elements

This section defines two XML elements that may be used in conjunction with the DSS core protocols.

5.1 Element <Timestamp>

This section defines an XML timestamp. A <Timestamp> contains some type of timestamp token, such as an RFC 3161 TimeStampToken [RFC 3161] or a <ds:Signature> (aka an "XML timestamp token") (see section 5.1.1). Profiles may introduce additional types of timestamp tokens. Standalone XML timestamps can be produced and verified using the timestamping profile of the DSS core protocols [XML-TSP].

An XML timestamp may contain:

<ds:Signature> [Optional]

This is an enveloping XML signature, as defined in section 5.1.1.

<RFC3161TimeStampToken> [Optional]

This is a base64-encoded TimeStampToken as defined in [RFC3161].

<xs:element name="Timestamp">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:choice>

<xs:element ref="ds:Signature"/>

<xs:element name="RFC3161TimeStampToken"

type="xs:base64Binary"/>

<xs:elementname="Other"type="AnyType"/>

<xs:choice>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

5.1.1 XML Timestamp Token

An XML timestamp token is similar to an RFC 3161 TimeStampToken, but is encoded as a <TstInfo> element (see section 5.1.2) inside an enveloping <ds:Signature>. This allows conventional XML signature implementations to validate the signature, though additional processing is still required to validate the timestamp properties (see section 4.3.2.2).

The following text describes how the child elements of the <ds:Signature> MUST be used:

<ds:KeyInfo> [Required]

The <ds:KeyInfo> element SHALL identify the issuer of the timestamp and MAY be used to locate, retrieve and validate the timestamp token signature-verification key. The exact details of this element may be specified further in a profile.

<ds:SignedInfo>/<ds:Reference> [Required]

There MUST be a single <ds:Reference> element whose URI attribute references the <ds:Object> containing the enveloped <TstInfo> element, and whose Type attribute is equal to urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:core:schema:XMLTimeStampToken.

<ds:Object> [Required]

A <TstInfo> element SHALL be contained in a <ds:Object> element.

Additional <ds:Reference> elements MUST appear for data objects [XMLDSIG] being time-stamped. For details on further use of time-stamps, please refer to appropriate profiles.

5.1.2 Element <TstInfo>

A <TstInfo> element is included in an XML timestamp token as a <ds:Signature> / <ds:Object> child element. A <TstInfo> element has the following children:

<SerialNumber> [Required]

This element SHALL contain a serial number produced by the timestamp authority (TSA). It MUST be unique across all the tokens issued by a particular TSA.

<CreationTime> [Required]

The time at which the token was issued.

<Policy> [Optional]

This element SHALL identify the policy under which the token was issued. The TSA's policy SHOULD identify the fundamental source of its time.

<ErrorBound> [Optional]

The TSA's estimate of the maximum error in its local clock.

<Ordered> [Default="false"]

This element SHALL indicate whether or not timestamps issued by this TSA, under this policy, are strictly ordered according to the value of the CreationTime element value.

TSA [Optional]

The name of the TSA.

<xs:element name="TstInfo">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name="SerialNumber" type="xs:integer"/>

<xs:element name="CreationTime" type="xs:dateTime"/>

<xs:element name="Policy" type="xs:anyURI" minOccurs="0"/>

<xs:element name="ErrorBound" type="xs:duration"

minOccurs="0"/>

<xs:element name="Ordered" type="xs:boolean"

default="false" minOccurs="0"/>

<xs:element name="TSA" type="saml:NameIdentifierType"

minOccurs="0"/>

<xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

5.2 Element <RequesterIdentity>

This section contains the definition of an XML Requester Identity element. This element can be used as a signature property in an XML signature to identify the client who requested the signature.

This element has the following children:

Name [Required]

The name or role of the requester who requested the signature be performed.

SupportingInfo [Optional]

Information supporting the name (such as a SAML Assertion [SAMLCore1.1], Liberty Alliance Authentication Context, or X.509 Certificate).

The following schema fragment defines the <RequesterIdentity> element:

<xs:element name="RequesterIdentity">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name="Name" type="saml:NameIdentifierType"/>

<xs:element name="SupportingInfo" type="dss:AnyType"

minOccurs="0"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

6 DSS Core Bindings

Mappings from DSS messages into standard communications protocols are called DSS bindings. Transport bindings specify how DSS messages are encoded and carried over some lower-level transport protocol. Security bindings specify how confidentiality, authentication, and integrity can be achieved for DSS messages in the context of some transport binding.

Below we specify an initial set of bindings for DSS. Future bindings may be introduced by the OASIS DSS TC or by other parties.

6.1 HTTP POST Transport Binding

In this binding, the DSS request/response exchange occurs within an HTTP POST exchange [RFC 2616]. The following rules apply to the HTTP request:

The client may send an HTTP/1.0 or HTTP/1.1 request.

The Request URI may be used to indicate a particular service endpoint.

The Content-Type header MUST be set to "application/xml".

The Content-Length header MUST be present and correct.

The DSS request message MUST be sent in the body of the HTTP Request.

The following rules apply to the HTTP Response:

The Content-Type header MUST be set to "text/xml".

The Content-Length header MUST be present and correct.

The DSS response message MUST be sent in the body of the HTTP Response.

The HTTP status code MUST be set to 200 if a DSS response message is returned. Otherwise, the status code can be set to 3xx to indicate a redirection, 4xx to indicate a low-level client error (such as a malformed request), or 5xx to indicate a low-level server error.

6.2 SOAP 1.2 Transport Binding

In this binding, the DSS request/response exchange occurs using the SOAP 1.2 message protocol [SOAP]. The following rules apply to the SOAP request:

A single DSS <SignRequest> or <VerifyRequest> element will be transmitted within the body of the SOAP message.

The client MUST NOT include any additional XML elements in the SOAP body.

The UTF-8 character encoding must be used for the SOAP message.

Arbitrary SOAP headers may be present.

The following rules apply to the SOAP response:

The server MUST return either a single DSS <SignResponse> or <VerifyResponse> element within the body of the SOAP message, or a SOAP fault code.

The server MUST NOT include any additional XML elements in the SOAP body.

If a DSS server cannot parse a DSS request, or there is some error with the SOAP envelope, the server MUST return a SOAP fault code. Otherwise, a DSS result code should be used to signal errors.

The UTF-8 character encoding must be used for the SOAP message.

Arbitrary SOAP headers may be present.

On receiving a DSS response in a SOAP message, the client MUST NOT send a fault code to the DSS server.

6.2.1 SOAP Attachment Feature and Element <AttachmentReference>

Applications MAY support SOAP 1.2 attachment feature [SOAPAtt] to transmit documents in the context of a <SignRequest> or a <VerifyRequest> and can take advantage of <Document>/<AttachmentReference>.

AttRefURI

SOAP 1.2 attachment feature [SOAPAtt] states that any secondary part ("attachment") can be referenced by a URI of any URI scheme.

AttRefURI refers to such a secondary part ("attachment") and MUST resolve within the compound SOAP message. The default encapsulation mechanism is MIME as specified in the WS-I Attachments Profile [WS-I-Att] (cf. swaRef, http://www.ws-i.org/Profiles/AttachmentsProfile-1.0.html#Referencing_Attachments_from_the_SOAP_Envelope).

MimeType [Optional]

Declares the MIME type of the referred secondary part of this SOAP compound message.

Note: If MIME is used as encapsulation mechanism, the MIME content-type is available via a MIME header. However, the MIME headers may not be available to implementations and the SOAP 1.2 attachment feature is not restricted to MIME. Further the MIME header is not secured by the AttachmentReference's DigestValue, which is calculated over the binary attachment data (not including the MIME headers).

<ds:DigestMethod> [Optional Sequence]

<ds:DigestValue>

These optional elements can be used to ensure the integrity of the attachment data.

If these elements are supplied the server SHOULD compute a message digest using the algorithm given in <ds:DigestMethod> over the binary data in the octet stream and compare it against the supplied <ds:DigestValue>.

If the comparison fails then a RequesterError qualified by a GeneralError and an appropriate message containing the AttRefURI is returned.

Note: The attachments digest value(s) can be included in the primary SOAP part to allow the entire request (including secondary parts) to be secured by WSS. However, the MIME headers are not covered by the digest value and therefore can be included into the dss:AttachmentReference (which is relevant for the processing of dss:IncludeObject referring to an dss:AttachmentReference).

The digest value may be computed while the data is read from the attachment. After the last byte being read from the attachment the server compares the calculated digest value against the supplied <ds:DigestValue>.

<xs:element name="AttachmentReference" type="dss:AttachmentReferenceType"/>

<xs:complexType name="AttachmentReferenceType">

<xs:sequence minOccurs="0">

<xs:element ref="ds:DigestMethod"/>

<xs:element ref="ds:DigestValue"/>

</xs:sequence>

<xs:attribute name="AttRefURI" type="xs:anyURI" />

<xs:attribute name="MimeType" type="xs:string" use="optional"/>

</xs:complexType>

6.2.1.1 Signing Protocol, Processing for XML Signatures, Process Variant for <AttachmentReference>

In the case of an input document which contains <AttachmentReference> the server retrieves the MIME type from the MimeType attribute (if present) otherwise from the content-type MIME header of the attachment referred by AttRefURI. If the MimeType attribute diverges from the attachment's MIME header content-type, an implementation MAY either ignore the MIME header's content-type or issue a RequesterError qualified by a GeneralError and an appropriate message containing the AttRefURI.

IF the MIME type indicates that it contains XML continue with processing as in section 3.3.1 and Step 1 a is replaced with the following:

a. The server retrieves the data from the attachment referred by AttRefURI as an octet stream. This data MUST be a well formed XML Document as defined in [XML] section 2.1. If the RefURI attribute references within the same input document then the server parses the octet stream to NodeSetData (see[XMLDSIG] section 4.3.3.3) before proceeding to the next step.

ELSE continue with processing as in section 3.3.4 and Step 1 a is replaced with the following:

a. The server retrieves the data from the attachment referred by AttRefURI as an octet stream.

Note: In the first case attachmentReference is always treated like Base64XML in the latter like Base64Data for further processing. (E.g. In the case of dss:IncludeObject, the MimeType attribute is copied from dss:AttachmentReference to ds:Object.)

6.2.1.2 Verifying Protocol, Processing for XML Signatures, Process Variant for <AttachmentReference>

Perform section 4.3 Basic Processing for XML Signatures amending step 2 2.a as follows:

a. If the input document is a <Document>, the server extracts and decodes as described in 3.3.1 Step 1 a (or equivalent step in variants of the basic process as defined in 3.3.2 onwards depending of the form of the input document) or in the case of <AttachmentReference> as described in section 6.2.1.1.

6.2.1.3 Signing Protocol, Basic Processing for CMS Signatures, Process Variant for <AttachmentReference>

Perform section 3.4 Basic Processing for CMS Signatures adding the following variant 1. d' after 1.d and before 1.e:

d'. If the <Document> contains <AttachmentReference>, the server retrieves the data from the attachment referred by AttRefURI as an octet stream.

6.2.1.4 Verifying Protocol, Basic Processing for CMS Signatures, Process Variant for <AttachmentReference>

Perform section 4.4 Basic Processing for CMS Signatures amending step 2 as follows:

2. The server retrieves the input data. (In the case of <AttachmentReference> this is done as in section 6.2.1.3 step 1. d'. If the CMS signature is detached, there must be a single input document: i.e. a single <Document> or <DocumentHash> element. Otherwise, if the CMS signature is enveloping, it contains its own input data and there MUST NOT be any input documents present.

6.3 TLS Security Bindings

TLS [RFC 2246] is a session-security protocol that can provide confidentiality, authentication, and integrity to the HTTP POST transport binding, the SOAP 1.2 transport binding, or others. TLS supports a variety of authentication methods, so we define several security bindings below. All of these bindings inherit the following rules:

TLS 1.0 MUST be supported. SSL 3.0 MAY be supported. Future versions of TLS MAY be supported.

RSA ciphersuites MUST be supported. Diffie-Hellman and DSS ciphersuites MAY be supported.

TripleDES ciphersuites MUST be supported. AES ciphersuites SHOULD be supported. Other ciphersuites MAY be supported, except for weak ciphersuites intended to meet export restrictions, which SHOULD NOT be supported.

6.3.1 TLS X.509 Server Authentication

The following ciphersuites defined in [RFC 2246] and [RFC 3268] are supported. The server MUST authenticate itself with an X.509 certificate chain [RFC 3280]. The server MUST NOT request client authentication.

MUST:

TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA

SHOULD:

TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA

TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA

6.3.2 TLS X.509 Mutual Authentication

The same ciphersuites mentioned in section 6.2.1 are supported. The server MUST authenticate itself with an X.509 certificate chain, and MUST request client authentication. The client MUST authenticate itself with an X.509 certificate chain.

6.3.3 TLS SRP Authentication

SRP is a way of using a username and password to accomplish mutual authentication. The following ciphersuites defined in [draft-ietf-tls-srp-08] are supported.

MUST:

TLS_SRP_SHA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA

SHOULD:

TLS_SRP_SHA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA

TLS_SRP_SHA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA

6.3.4 TLS SRP and X.509 Server Authentication

SRP can be combined with X.509 server authentication. The following ciphersuites defined in [draft-ietf-tls-srp-08] are supported.

MUST:

TLS_SRP_SHA_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA

SHOULD:

TLS_SRP_SHA_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA

TLS_SRP_SHA_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA

7 DSS-Defined Identifiers

The following sections define various URI-based identifiers. Where possible an existing URN is used to specify a protocol. In the case of IETF protocols the URN of the most current RFC that specifies the protocol is used (see [RFC 2648]). URI references created specifically for DSS have the following stem:

urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:

7.1 Signature Type Identifiers

The following identifiers MAY be used as the content of the <SignatureType> optional input (see section 3.5.1).

7.1.1 XML Signature

URI: urn:ietf:rfc:3275
This refers to an XML signature per [XMLDSIG].

7.1.2 XML TimeStampToken

URI: urn:oasis:names:tc:dss:1.0:core:schema:XMLTimeStampToken
This refers to an XML timestamp containing an XML signature, per section 5.1.

7.1.3 RFC 3161 TimeStampToken

URI: urn:ietf:rfc:3161
This refers to an XML timestamp containing an ASN.1 TimeStampToken, per [RFC 3161].

7.1.4 CMS Signature

URI: urn:ietf:rfc:3369
This refers to a CMS signature per [RFC 3852] or prior versions of CMS.

7.1.5 PGP Signature

URI: urn:ietf:rfc:2440
This refers to a PGP signature per [RFC 2440].

A. Use of Exclusive Canonicalization

Exclusive Canonicalization of dereferenced and transformed data can be achieved by appending exclusive canonicalization as the last transform in the <ds:Transforms> element of <TransformedData> or <DocumentHash>.

In the case of <Document> being used this can be done by adding exclusive canonicalization as the last transform in the <ds:Transforms> of a <SignedReference> pointing to that <Document>.

By doing this the resulting data produced by the chain of transforms will always be octet stream data which will be hashed without further processing on a <ds:Reference> level by the server as indicated by basic processing section 3.3.1 step 1 b. and c.

Another possibility to apply exclusive canonicalization on <ds:Reference> level is the freedom given to servers to apply additional transforms to increase robustness. This however implies that only trustworthy transformations are appended by a server.

As in section 3.3.1 step 1 b an implementation can choose to use exclusive canonicalization: "... Transforms are applied as a server implementation MAY choose to increase robustness of the Signatures created. These Transforms may reflect idiosyncrasies of different parsers or solve encoding issues or the like. ..."

In such a case that the exclusive canonicalization is to be included in the <ds:Transforms> as well (cf. section 3.3.1 step 1.d.v.)

The standards default is however in line with [XMLDSIG] as indicated in the Note in section 3.3.1 step 1 b.

However after the server formed a <ds:SignedInfo> (section 3.3.1 step 3.) this information to be signed also needs to be canonicalized and digested, here [XMLDSIG] offers the necessary element <ds:CanonicalizationMethod> directly and can be used to specify exclusive canonicalization.

B. More Complex <Response> Example

To further explain the use of the <Response> element which is useful in cases where the DSS server is not able to respond with a special response type a more complex example is given in the following paragraph.

Consider for example a client sends a <SignRequest> to a service that only supports <VerifyRequest>'s over plain HTTP (as opposed to protocols where some information could be derived from the header ). As the service does not support <SignRequest>'s it has to either generate a <VerifyResponse> with a "bad message" result or fail at the HTTP layer. In the former case, the client will receive a response that does not correspond semantically to the request - it got a <VerifyResponse> to a <SignRequest>. This leaves both parties thinking that the other one is at fault.

C. Acknowledgements

The following individuals have participated in the creation of this specification and are gratefully acknowledged:

Participants:

Dimitri Andivahis, Surety

Glenn Benson, JPMorganChase

Juan Carlos Cruellas, individual

Carlos Gonzalez-Cadenas, Netfocus, S.L

Frederick Hirsch, Nokia

Pieter Kasselman, Cybertrust

Andreas Kuehne, individual

Konrad Lanz, Austria Federal Chancellery <Konrad.Lanz@iaik.tugraz.at>

Tommy Lindberg, individual

Paul Madsen, Entrust

John Messing, American Bar Association

Tim Moses, Entrust

Trevor Perrin, individual

Nick Pope, Thales eSecurity

Rich Salz, DataPower

Ed Shallow, Universal Postal Union