Roles, Principles, and Ecosystem Version 1.0
Committee Specification Draft 01
03 December 2015
Specification URIs
This version:
http://docs.oasis-open.org/coel/RPE/v1.0/csd01/RPE-v1.0-csd01.docx (Authoritative)
http://docs.oasis-open.org/coel/RPE/v1.0/csd01/RPE-v1.0-csd01.html
http://docs.oasis-open.org/coel/RPE/v1.0/csd01/RPE-v1.0-csd01.pdf
Previous version:
N/A
Latest version:
http://docs.oasis-open.org/coel/RPE/v1.0/RPE-v1.0.docx (Authoritative)
http://docs.oasis-open.org/coel/RPE/v1.0/RPE-v1.0.html
http://docs.oasis-open.org/coel/RPE/v1.0/RPE-v1.0.pdf
Technical Committee:
OASIS Classification of
Everyday Living (COEL) TC
Chairs:
David Snelling (David.Snelling@UK.Fujitsu.com),
Fujitsu Limited
Joss Langford (joss@activinsights.co.uk), Activinsights Ltd
Editor:
Matthew Reed (matt@coelition.org), Coelition
Related work:
This specification is related to:
·
Classification of Everyday Living Version 1.0. Edited by
Joss Langford. Latest version: http://docs.oasis-open.org/coel/COEL/v1.0/COEL-v1.0.html.
·
Behavioural Atom Protocol Version 1.0. Edited by Joss
Langford. Latest version: http://docs.oasis-open.org/coel/BAP/v1.0/BAP-v1.0.html.
·
Minimal Management Interface Version 1.0. Edited by David
Snelling. Latest version: http://docs.oasis-open.org/coel/MMI/v1.0/MMI-v1.0.html.
·
Identity Authority Interface Version 1.0. Edited by Paul
Bruton. Latest version: http://docs.oasis-open.org/coel/IDA/v1.0/IDA-v1.0.html.
·
Public Query Interface Version 1.0. Edited by David Snelling.
Latest version: http://docs.oasis-open.org/coel/PQI/v1.0/PQI-v1.0.html.
Abstract:
This document
defines and describes roles of the various actors and principles of a COEL
ecosystem, within the framework of the COEL Model.
Status:
This document was last revised or approved by the OASIS
Classification of Everyday Living (COEL) TC on the above date. The level of
approval is also listed above. Check the “Latest version” location noted above
for possible later revisions of this document. Any other numbered Versions and
other technical work produced by the Technical Committee (TC) are listed at https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=coel#technical.
TC members should send comments on this specification to the
TC’s email list. Others should send comments to the TC’s public comment list,
after subscribing to it by following the instructions at the “Send
A Comment button on the TC’s web page at https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/coel/.
For information on whether any patents have been disclosed
that may be essential to implementing this specification, and any offers of
patent licensing terms, please refer to the Intellectual Property Rights
section of the TC’s web page (https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/coel/ipr.php).
Citation format:
When referencing this specification the following citation
format should be used:
[COEL-RPE-v1.0]
Roles, Principles, and Ecosystem Version 1.0. Edited
by Matthew Reed. 03 December 2015. OASIS Committee Specification Draft 01. http://docs.oasis-open.org/coel/RPE/v1.0/csd01/RPE-v1.0-csd01.html. Latest version: http://docs.oasis-open.org/coel/RPE/v1.0/RPE-v1.0.html.
Copyright © OASIS Open 2015. All Rights Reserved.
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1 Introduction. 5
1.1 Terminology. 5
1.2 Normative
References. 5
1.3 Non-Normative References. 5
2 Roles. 6
2.1 Summary of Roles. 6
2.2 Identity
Authority. 7
2.3 Data Engine. 8
2.4 Service Provider 10
2.5 Operator 12
2.6 Consumer 13
3 Normative principles of the Operation of COEL ecosystem.. 14
3.1 Data Separation
Principle (P1) 14
3.2 Data Atomisation
Principle (P2) 14
3.3 Atomised Consent
Principle (P3) 14
3.4 Separation of
Competence Principle (P4) 14
3.5 No Conflict of
Interest Principle (P5) 14
3.6 Active Support
Principle (P6) 14
3.7 Transparency
Principle (P7) 14
4 Ecosystem.. 15
4.1 General diagram
of key relationships between actors. 15
4.2 Data Flows. 16
4.3 Security
Considerations. 17
4.3.1 General
technical principles: 17
4.3.2 Ecosystem
security diagram and analysis. 18
5 Glossary and Nomenclature. 20
5.1 Behavioural Atom.. 20
5.2 Ecosystem.. 20
5.3 Pseudonymous Key. 20
5.4 Directly
Identifying Personal Information (DIPI) 20
5.5 Segment Data. 20
5.6 Behavioural Data. 20
5.7 Report Data. 20
5.8 Aggregated and
anonymised summary data. 21
5.9 ConsumerID.. 21
5.10
ServiceProviderID.. 21
5.11 OperatorID.. 21
5.12 DeviceID.. 21
6 Conformance. 22
Appendix A.
Acknowledgments. 23
Appendix B. Revision
History. 24
This document
describes in detail the comprehensive set of ACTORS that take part in a COEL
compliant ecosystem. For each of the ACTORS a description of their possible
activities is given, all referenced to a set of seven normative principles. A
number of specific, but jurisdiction agnostic, definitions are given to support
the role descriptions and principles.
The key words
“MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”,
“RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in this document are to be interpreted as
described in [RFC2119].
[RFC2119] Bradner,
S., “Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels”, BCP 14, RFC
2119, March 1997. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt.
[RFC5246] Dierks, T., Rescorla, E., “The Transport Layer
Security (TLS) Protocol
Version 1.2” RFC 5246,
August 2008 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5246.txt .
[COEL_COEL-1.0] Classification
of Everyday Living Version 1.0. Latest version: http://docs.oasis-open.org/coel/COEL/v1.0/COEL-v1.0.docx
[Data to Life] Reed, M. & Langford, J.
(2013). Data to Life. Coelition, London. ISBN 978-0957609402
The Identity Authority (IDA) oversees the effective, open running of the eco-system and administers
the operation of the IDA service. The IDA service issues and checks unique
Pseudonymous Keys that provide security and ensure the interoperability and universality
of the ecosystem.
Data Engines receive, store and process Behavioural Atoms. Data Engines provide
business-to-business services to Service Providers and other organisations in
the form of queries that create Report Data.
Service
Providers are the primary link between a
Consumer and a Data Engine. They are able to query the atoms held by a Data
Engine to develop personalised services for Consumers based on their everyday
behaviours. Service Providers will often be consumer facing brands.
An Associated Service Provider is a
Service Provider that gains access to data collected by another service
provider to provide a service to a Consumer. To do so, the Consumer MUST give
consent to the Associated Service Provider to access the data collected by the
original Service Provider. An Associated Service Provider has no right to
grant a third-party any access to the data held by the original Service
Provider. All of the technical requirements on a Service Provider that are
defined in section 2.4 of this specification apply equally to an Associated
Service Provider.
Operators administer contact with the Consumer and hold the directly-identifying personal information (DIPI) needed to
engage with the Consumer. An Operator might be an independent app, exist within
a Service Provider or be an independent organisation. Operators only receive
information from their Consumers and their Service Provider.
The Consumer is the generic
reference to any individual registered with the eco-system. They might be patients
in a healthcare setting, subjects in a trial as well as consumers of a
commercial digital service. A Consumer’s primary relationship might be with a
Service Provider via a near-invisible Operator or with clearly recognisable
Operator that is supported by a Service Provider in the background.
Hardware Developers are developers of hardware (such as Internet of Things devices)
which are compliant with COEL protocols for use by Service Providers and
Operators.
|
Technical
requirement
|
Guiding
principles & notes
|
|
SHALL
|
Maintain an always-on IDA service that will generate or validate
unique Pseudonymous Keys for Data Engine, Service Provider & Operator
|
P4
|
|
Be a non-profit legal entity
|
P5
|
|
Provide its services on a fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory
basis
|
P5
|
|
Provide Consumers with information about the operation of the
eco-system free of charge
|
P5 & P7
|
|
SHALL NOT
|
Act as a Data
Engine or Service Provider (other than for the purposes of providing a
limited ‘sandbox’ test environment)
|
P4 & P5
|
|
Store
Behavioural Atoms
|
P4 & P5
|
|
Hold any
Consumer’s directly identifying personal information (DIPI)
|
P5
|
|
MAY
|
Request Data Engine support to deliver population-level insights
for public information and the purposes of marketing the specification
|
P6
|
|
Make a query on Data Engines to ensure a specific ConsumerID has
been forgotten
|
P7
This allows the Identity Authority to audit the forgetting
process.
|
|
Provide Consumers with information about their status within the
eco-system, i.e. ‘known’ or ‘forgotten’ and only by ConsumerID and not DIPI.
|
P5 & P7
|
|
Provide audit services to Data Engine, Service Provider, Operator
and regulators
|
P6
|
|
Technical
requirement
|
Guiding
principles & notes
|
|
SHALL
|
Provide secure storage of Behavioural Atoms for a period to be
agreed with the Service Provider in line with the Consumer consent
|
P2 & P3
|
|
Provide minimal interface services for Service Providers to
process joiners, movers, and leavers (e.g. Operator & Consumer trees,
registration, ID re-allocation, forgetting)
|
P4
|
|
Provide minimal interface services for querying Behavioural Atoms
by registered Service Providers
|
P1
|
|
Maintain an always-on, single entry point for uploading
Behavioural Atoms to the Data Engine
|
P4
|
|
Receive Behavioural Atoms from Consumers or Devices registered
with their Operators that conform to the specification free of charge
|
Receiving data is a minimal requirement for a Data Engine;
commercial services apply to the use and processing of data.
|
|
Provide information to the Service Provider about the location and
security of the infrastructure used in the delivery of services
|
P7
|
|
SHALL NOT
|
Link Behavioural Atom data to directly-identifying personal
information (DIPI) from external sources
|
P1
|
|
Link Behavioural Atom data directly to external data storage if
such link might directly identify Consumers
|
P1
|
|
Hold any Consumer’s directly identifying personal information
(DIPI)
|
P1
|
|
Act as a Service Provider or Operator itself
|
P1 & P4
|
|
Request more than the Segment Data as defined in the specification
(gender, year of birth, time zone & latitude to 0 decimal points) on
registration of a Consumer
|
P1
|
|
Knowingly receive DIPI
|
P1
|
|
Levy unreasonably punitive charges for the complete download of
stored Behavioural Atoms
|
Supports EU data protection and an open, competitive eco-system.
|
|
Utilise IDA unique Pseudonymous Keys outside of the ecosystem
|
P1
|
|
MAY
|
Add non-personal data to the atom store to deliver enhanced
services (e.g. local weather data)
|
P1
While Behavioural Atoms cannot be linked out, additional
information can be linked in.
|
|
Use suitable aggregation techniques rendering the data
non-personal to provide indirect services to parties other than contracted
Service Providers
|
P1 & P6
|
|
Host multiple Service Providers
|
|
|
Technical
requirement
|
Guiding
principles & notes
|
|
SHALL
|
Ensure that their Operators have the
minimum standard consent from Consumers
|
P3
|
|
Secure additional consent from Consumers
when sending personal information outside the eco-system
|
P3 & P6
|
|
When sending Behavioural Atom information
outside the eco-system, remove the ConsumerID and replace with DIPI
|
P6
This ensures that information that has
left the eco-system can be clearly identified.
|
|
Ensure that their Operators follow the
specification
|
P6
|
|
For any one purpose and at any one time,
have only one Data Engine
|
Avoids potential data loss for the
consumer and ensures the complete audit map of the eco-system.
|
|
On a request from a Consumer, supply (or
require associated Operator to do so) all DIPI, Segment Data, Behavioural
Atoms and any stored Report Data
|
P2
Basic tenet of EU data protection.
|
|
On a request from a Consumer to be
forgotten, remove or render DIPI to be non-personal
|
Basic tenet of EU data protection.
|
|
On a request from a Consumer to be
forgotten, instruct their Data Engine to remove or render data to be
non-personal
|
P2 & P3
|
|
On a request from an Operator or
Consumer, provide the identity of the Data Engine
|
P7
|
|
Notify Consumers (via Operators) of any
mergers and acquisitions or other changes that would result in a change of
control over the Consumers’ data
|
P7
|
|
Check the credentials of an Operator
every time a request is made to release data for a ConsumerID
|
Security.
|
|
Ensure that all Operators within a
specific embodiment are working under equivalent terms (e.g. consent,
purpose, retention periods etc.).
|
P7
|
|
Use different passwords to interact with
different actors in the ecosystem (within the same service embodiment).
|
Security.
|
|
Use a different ServiceProviderID for
every instance of a service embodiment in which they are an actor
|
Security.
|
|
SHALL NOT
|
Receive
Behavioural Atoms directly
|
P1
|
|
Send DIPI to a
Data Engine
|
P1
|
|
Share DIPI
with another Service Provider without additional consent from the Consumer
|
P3
|
|
MAY
|
Transfer its operations between Data
Engines
|
Supports open, competitive eco-system.
|
|
Host multiple Operators
|
|
|
Technical
requirement
|
Guiding
principles & notes
|
|
SHALL
|
Provide a mechanism for the consumer to
access their ConsumerID
|
P7
This allows the Identity Authority to
audit the ‘forgetting’ process.
|
|
Ensure that the minimum standard consent
is given by Consumers - freely, specific & informed
|
P3
|
|
For any one purpose and at any one time,
have only one Service Provider
|
Avoids potential data loss for the
consumer and ensure the complete audit map of the eco-system.
|
|
Clearly identify the Service Provider to
the Consumer
|
P7
|
|
Notify Consumers of any mergers and
acquisitions or other changes that would result in a change of control over
the Consumers’ data
|
P7
|
|
Hold ConsumerID Pseudonymous Keys with
the same security level as DIPI
|
Security
|
|
Use different passwords to interact with
different actors in the ecosystem (within the same service embodiment).
|
Security.
|
|
Use a different OperatorID for every
instance of a service embodiment in which they are an actor
|
Security.
|
|
SHALL NOT
|
Store Behavioural Atoms other than for
the purposes of transmission to the Data Engine.
|
P1
|
|
Send DIPI to a Data Engine
|
P1
|
|
Share DIPI with another Operator or
Service Provider without additional consent from the Consumer
|
P3
|
|
Utilise IDA unique Pseudonymous Keys
outside of the ecosystem
|
P1
|
|
MAY
|
Host multiple
Consumers
|
|
|
Technical
requirement
|
Guiding
principles & notes
|
|
MAY
|
Request to be
‘forgotten’ in the eco-system
|
Basic tenet of
EU data protection.
|
|
Request the
Identity Authority to audit their status in the eco-system
|
P5 & P7
|
|
Request the
Service Provider to supply their DIPI, demographic information and all
Behavioural Atoms
|
Basic tenet of
EU data protection.
|
The
specification implements a separation of data types: Data Engines keep data on what
Consumers do (Behavioural Atoms) and the Service Provider/Operator keeps data
on who Consumers are (DIPI). No single organisation holds both sets of
data together. This means that it would need a double accidental or malicious
disclosure for connected information to be released.
Data is
deliberately broken down into small chunks of information by the Operator and
coded with the Consumer’s ConsumerID (which implies their atomised consent),
thus each separate Behavioural Atom has a very low privacy risk. Neither the
Operator/Service Provider sees these atoms as raw atoms and can only see
composite data from Data Engine under the terms of the specification.
Consumer gives
informed consent to the Operator under guideline terms set by the
specification. Consent allows the Operator to sign up the consumer with a
ConsumerID. This ConsumerID is the indicator to Identity Authority and other
eco-system actors that the consumer has given appropriate consent. Because each
and every Behavioural Atom has the ConsumerID, each atom has that consumer’s
consent written into the structure of the data. Removing the ConsumerID from a
Behavioural Atom is removing the consent of that individual so the data can no
longer be used by either the Operator or Service Provider who signed them up.
The time stamp uniquely associated with each Behavioural Atom allows full
auditing of this principle.
Data Engines are
expert data handlers. They know how to run robust, secure and always on cloud
based data services; they handle Behavioural Atoms NOT Consumers. Service
Providers / Operators are experts at Consumer facing / relevant services and
handling DIPI; they handle Consumers NOT Behavioural Atoms. The Identity
Authority is expert at overseeing the ecosystem.
Consumers
need to see that there are no conflicts around their data. To ensure this, the
Identity Authority acts on behalf of the Consumer in partnership with
Operator/Service Provider, Data Engine and regulators.
All actors will
actively promote the principles of the specification, safeguard the structure
of the eco-system and support good data practice for both consumers and
enterprise.
The roles and
identities of all the actors in the eco-system who are working together on
behalf of a Consumer will be clear and visible to that Consumer.
The IDA issues a
unique Pseudonymous Key to the Operator when the Consumer joins the ecosystem.
Once this has been registered with the Data Engine it becomes the ConsumerID
and replaces the DIPI in all transactions other than those between the Operator
and Consumer.
In normal
operation the Behavioural Data will stay with the Data Engine unless the
Service Provider needs to provide non-standard services or the Consumer makes a
specific data request.
The illustration
shows the Segment Data delivered through the Service Provider, this is accurate
when the data is recalled but the Operator sends this directly to the Data
Engine when the Consumer is first registered.
SSL/TLS [RFC5246] SHALL
be used for all internet communications within the ecosystem. This creates an
encrypted channel for the data (Behavioural Atoms, Report data and Pseudonymous
Keys – no DIPI) and prevents a third party from reading it in transit. It means
that servers like the IDA, Data Engine and any Service Provider/ or Operator
systems MUST have SSL/TLS certificates.
Single factor authentication (userid and
password) SHALL be used for all Data Engine and IDA calls with the exception
of: [a] submitting atoms which can be done anonymously [b] an Operator
registering consumers with the DE.
IDA generated Pseudonymous Keys SHALL be
used as the userids for actors in the ecosystem. These are devoid of DIPI and
unique across the ecosystem.
Different userids and different passwords MAY
be used for each embodiment (e.g. for Operator with IDA, Operator with Data
Engine, Service Provider with different Data Engines). These SHALL be stored in
an encrypted format.
With reference to above diagram, the following
is a summary of the specific requirements for the use or otherwise of secure communication:
1. Operator /
IDA: The IDA SHALL require single factor authentication with userid and
password for an Operator to access the IDA API.
2.
Service Provider / IDA: The Service Provider does not have a role in the
IDA API. The IDA MAY provide a mechanism to allow a Service Provider to
register new Operators and this mechanism MUST be protected through single
factor authentication, at least, with userid and password. The IDA SHALL NOT keep
any DIPI for Operators.
3.
Operator / Data Engine: The Data Engine SHALL NOT require a password
from an Operator when registering a new Consumer or when registering a new
Device for a Consumer. The Data Engine SHALL require a password from an
Operator when removing a Device from a Consumer.
4.
Service Provider / Data Engine:
a.
The Data Engine SHALL require single factor authentication with userid
and password for a Service Provider to access the Management Interface (MI) and
Query Interface (QI)
b.
Separate credentials SHOULD be used to access the Management Interface (MI)
and Query Interface (QI), reducing the likelihood of getting access to both and
retrieving Atoms for all of the Service Provider’s Consumers.
c.
The data engine MUST use a secondary method to assert the identity of
the Service Provider prior to processing a ‘forget’ request for a Consumer
since these requests are not reversible.
5.
Operator / Service Provider: Where the Operator is a separate entity, it
will request reports on Consumers from the Service Provider, but these reports
are pseudonymised and contain no DIPI. Where the Operator is a separate entity
their communication MUST use single factor authentication with userid and
password.
6. Data
Engine / IDA: The IDA SHALL require single factor authentication with userid
and password for a Data Engine to access the IDA API.
For the purposes
of this specification and the COEL ecosystem the following are defined.
The fundamental
data type defined and used extensively throughout the COEL ecosystem is
Behavioural Atom (Atom). An Atom is a digital representation of an observable
event in an individual’s life. It is a small block of self-describing,
micro-structured data. Any type of life event can be coded into a Behavioural
Atom using the Classification of Everyday Living, a hierarchical taxonomy of
decreasing granularity. The individual’s identity is pseudonymised with the
directly identifying personal information (DIPI) segregated from the
Behavioural Atoms in both storage and transmission. The Behavioural Atoms also
code the time and duration of events, how they were observed and where they
occurred. The Atom types are described by the Classification of Everyday Living
Version 1.0, one of this collection’s specifications.
The Ecosystem is
defined as ‘the extended set of corporate and individual actors who interact
for their mutual benefit via the medium of the specification and under
appropriate voluntarily entered into legal agreements’.
The unique
Pseudonymous Keys are generated by the IDA for use with the ecosystem to
provide unique codes for the data and transaction of Consumers, Devices,
Operators and Service Providers.
Static or
slow-changing data needed to provide services to a Consumer including, for
example: name, date of birth, contact information, medical/insurance numbers,
payment details, etc. DIPI specifically excludes all event-based information
(Behavioural Data / Atoms). DIPI is information that would be generally known
as PII in a USA context.
Year of birth,
gender, home time zone (GMT+/-x) and home latitude to single degree resolution.
Data that is
coded according to the COEL TC protocols with, as a minimum, a Classification
of Everyday Living code, a unique ConsumerID and a timestamp. A single instance
is known as a Behavioural Atom or Atom.
Data developed
from the analysis of Behavioural Data (Atoms) for the purposes of developing
insight and information for the provision of value-add services.
Data developed
from the analysis of Behavioural Data (Atoms) for the purposes of comparison
with Report Data and to deliver business to business services outside a COEL
ecosystem.
An IDA unique
Pseudonymous Key for a particular Consumer.
An IDA unique
Pseudonymous Key for a particular Service Provider.
An IDA unique
Pseudonymous Key for a particular Operator.
An IDA unique
Pseudonymous Key for a particular consumer device.
An Identity
Authority (IDA) conforms if it meets the technical requirements set out in
Section 2.2 and the security requirements of Section 4.3.
A Data Engine
conforms if it meets the technical requirements set out in Section 2.3 and the
security requirements of Section 4.3.
A Service
Provider conforms if it meets the technical requirements set out in Section
2.4 and the security requirements of Section 4.3.
An Operator
conforms if it meets the technical requirements set out in Section 2.5 and the
security requirements of Section 4.3.
A Consumer
of a COEL compliant service conforms if they meet the conditions set out in
Section 2.6.
The following
individuals have participated in the creation of this specification and are
gratefully acknowledged:
Participants:
Paul
Bruton, Individual Member
Joss
Langford, Activinsights
Matthew
Reed, Coelition
David
Snelling, Fujitsu
|
Revision
|
Date
|
Editor
|
Changes
Made
|
|
1
|
22/9/2015
|
Matthew Reed
|
First full
version
|
|
2
|
26/9/2015
|
Joss Langford
|
Updated with
all latest definitions.
|
|
3
|
05/10/2015
|
Paul Bruton
|
Minor
corrections and review comments.
|
|
4
|
13/10/2015
|
Matthew Reed
|
Added
definition of Associated Service Provider in Section 2.1.
|
|
5
|
19/10/2015
|
David Snelling
|
Major review
from DE perspective.
|
|
6
|
20/10/2015
|
Joss Langford
|
COEL – 24, 35,
36, 37, 38 all fixed. Some defined terms updated.
|
|
7
|
23/10/2015
|
Paul Bruton
|
Minor style
updates, placeholder for definition of Hardware Developer, Rephrased security
requirements.
|
|
8
|
27/10/2015
|
Joss Langford
|
Hardware
Developer defined, changes agreed and conformance modified to include all
security requirements.
|
|
9
|
31/10/2015
|
Joss Langford
|
Accept all changes, track
changes off, check references and style consistency.
|
|
10
|
02/11/2015
|
David Snelling
|
Final date change
|
|
11
|
25/11/2015
|
Joss Langford
|
Fix issue COEL-46, first
‘SHALL’ in 4.3.1.4 changed to ‘MAY’.
|
|
12
|
25/11/2015
|
David Snelling
|
Set date for CD publication.
|
